쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge IELTS 21 TEST 1 PART 4 #voduyquynh #ilets21 #ielts21test1part4 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Part 4.

You will hear part of a science lecture about different sources of rubber.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Much of the world now lives in an industrial civilisation,

but this has only become possible because we have the necessary natural resources.

There are three types of natural resource without which industry could not exist.

One of these is metal.

Without that, we'd have no machines and no transportation.

Another is fossil fuels, which we need to power those machines.

But there's a third resource that's essential to connect the different parts of a machine together with belts

and pipes and shock absorbers, and that is rubber.

It's now used in over 40 ,000 products, from waterproof footwear to surgical gloves.

At present, we have two types of rubber in common use.

One is natural rubber, which nearly all comes from the Pará rubber tree.

This was originally native to Brazil, but is now cultivated on plantations in Southeast Asia.

Recently, however, concern's been growing that supplies may soon be insufficient for the world's needs

So what exactly is limiting the supply of natural rubber?

Well, for one thing, rubber trees don't just spring up overnight It can take 8

to 10 years for a tree to start producing rubber So cultivating them's a slow process And this leads to another problem.

With most crops, farmers don't have to think very far ahead, so they can easily change what crop they produce

or how much of a crop they produce if they find the demand for that crop is rising or falling.

But if you have to plant eight or ten years ahead, that's much harder.

And also the rubber tree is very choosy about where it grows It needs the right temperature,

the right amount of rainfall and the right altitude Not too high

and not too low The result is

that it can't be grown in the northern or southern parts of the globe Only around the equator

Another problem is that the rubber is basically extracted in the same way as it's been done for hundreds of years,

and that's by hand, by making small cuts in the trunk of the tree

and putting a little cup there to catch the latex, as the rubber is called.

It's very labour intensive.

And it's not just the initial production that's limiting supplies.

With other resources, such as water and glass, when we've finished using them, we can recycle them.

But although this is also possible with rubber, it's very difficult, so that also reduces the amount we have available.

And in the last few years there have been new threats to the supply of natural rubber.

One problem is linked to the fact

that nearly all the rubber trees in South East Asia are

descended from just a small number of seeds brought from Brazil in the 19th century.

This means that there's very little genetic diversity among the trees,

which in turn makes them very vulnerable to disease.

The most dangerous threat is a fungus

which destroyed large numbers of rubber trees in Brazil and which could cause devastation to plantations worldwide.

Another problem is that farmers in Southeast Asia are increasingly turning to the cultivation of palm oil,

which is easier and more profitable for them.

And finally, in recent years, Southeast Asia, like other parts of the world,

has been repeatedly hit by extreme types of weather, and this looks likely to continue in the future.

However, as well as using natural rubber, it's also possible to make rubber synthetically.

This works very well for some purposes, for example, making engine parts or silicon pots and pans used for cooking.

But compared with natural rubber, it's not anything like as strong,

and this means it can't replace natural rubber in other products.

For example, while a mixture of natural rubber and synthetic rubber works well in car tyres,

only natural rubber can stand up to the extreme speeds of aircraft tyres during take -off and landing.

So, for some time, scientists have been looking for alternative sources of natural rubber.

One that's been known about for some time seems initially to be a rather unlikely source.

It's a wild plant with yellow flowers that we normally regard as a weed when we see it in our gardens.

But But when it's pulled up and its roots cut open, they're found to contain rubber.

Now compared to the rubber tree, dandelions produce relatively small amounts of rubber,

but unlike rubber trees, they're very adaptable.

They'll grow in all sorts of places and they don't need rich soil.

So, at present, there are several projects underway investigating the possibility of using dandelions as a source of rubber.

Another possibility is a desert shrub grown in Mexico and Texas, which is also...

That is the end of part four.

You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.

Thank you.

of the listening test in the IELTS test you would now

have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Cambridge IELTS 21 TEST 1 PART 4”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: rubber, natural, tree, crop, resource. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 68개와 단어 859개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 9:02입니다. 화자는 분당 약 95단어로 천천히 말해서 소리 하나하나를 따라 하기에 여유가 있습니다. 단어의 84%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
rubber 명사	/ˈɹʌbɚ/	고무
resource 명사	/ɹɪˈzɔːs/	자원
crop 명사	/kɹɑp/	작물
compare 동사	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	비교하다, 비유하다
farmer 명사	/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/	농부, 농사꾼
plantation 명사	/plænˈteɪʃən/	재배지, 플랜테이션
tyre 명사	/taɪə(ɹ)/	타이어
carefully 부사	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	주의하여, 조심스럽게
shock 명사	/ʃɔk/	충격, 쇼크
belt 명사	/ˈbɛlt/	벨트, 허리띠
flower 명사	/ˈfloʊɚ/	꽃
soil 명사	/sɔɪl/	흙, 토양
desert 명사	/ˈdɛz.ɚt/	사막
pot 명사	/pɑt/	단지, 독
sheet 명사	/ʃit/	장, 시트

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
take off 동사	벗다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작	concern's been growing · have been looking
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is now cultivated · can't be grown · is basically extracted
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has only become · it's been done · we've finished

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, can't, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 10번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, sheet /ʃit/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, flower /ˈfloʊɚ/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/, overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/, choosy /ˈt͡ʃuːzi/, civilisation /ˌsɪv.ɪ.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, rubber, resource, crop 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge IELTS 21 TEST 1 PART 4 #voduyquynh #ilets21 #ielts21test1part4 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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