쉐도잉 연습: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Part 4.

You will hear part of a lecture on bird research in Australia.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Good afternoon.

This is the third session of the series of lectures on wildlife.

For this lecture, we're going to look at two studies on the habitats of birds and protection measures taken in Australia,

including the basic methodology and related areas of research.

Now, let me give you some background information about the first research project on birds.

The study was carried out by R .B.

Cunningham and his team from the Australian National University in 1995.

The primary goal was to detect the breeding habits and resting sites of some birds, especially those protected species in urban regions.

These species included birds like peregrine falcons and kestrels in Australia.

The bird data set consisted of a total of 153 species recorded from 946 sites.

One might expect that in order to obtain valid data on their distribution patterns and population densities, researchers had to count through binoculars.

Instead, they managed to estimate with various standard distance sampling methods like random sampling.

In addition, a mapping system was used to study their companionship behaviour.

It recorded proposed birds' nesting sites to monitor the mating behaviour of targeted species.

To obtain valid data of birds' whereabouts, researchers attached identity tags to birds' legs, transmitting radio signals.

The tagging process was done when the birds were between 5 and 7 days of age.

After the initial tagging, data was collected from subsets of radio -tagged birds, making it possible to assess the trends of birds over 15 months.

So, what did they find?

Well, as it turned out, many of the birds tagged had the tendency to nest in the same habitat where they grew up.

Their nesting sites were quite varied and included freshwater reed beds, tidal reed beds, agricultural crops and man -made sites.

Even though naturally occurring nests were common, birds sometimes accidentally nested in man -made devices like power towers, chimneys and tunnels.

This research also studied the impact of humans on bird communities

and found out that pollution had contributed greatly to the declining birth rates of some species,

which were considered to be extinct or threatened to vanish from the study area.

These species are dependent on natural forests because of their breeding holes.

They will become extinct when local natural forests continue to be polluted heavily.

A number of measures were thus taken by members from local animal conservation organisations to boost their alarming survival rates.

Firstly, breeding boxes were placed in trees taking on the role of breeding holes that were contaminated.

Protection guidelines were also introduced strictly prohibiting killing, disturbance and habitat destruction.

A further measure was taken to ensure the safety of birds from wind farms.

In fact, birds are sometimes shedded by wind turbine blades.

A great deal of work was done on how to prevent them from colliding with turbines.

A case in point was protecting space for bird migration by ensuring that migratory routes were kept free.

Falcons generally cope well with wind turbines, but not in weather conditions where visibility is bad.

So, with knowledge of how fast falcons fly, bird stations in northern Australia can notify wind farms further south of the falcons' approach

so that turbines can be shut down as they pass by.

Then, another piece of research was done a couple of years later by Conway in 2006.

His team detected the calling frequency of seabirds flying at night.

Acoustic signals are important communication tools for birds.

These signals can indicate social cohesion, prey location and breeding behaviour.

Courtship songs are common among various species during mating seasons.

Males produce calling songs that attract distant females, and then courtship songs will induce nearby females to respond.

Surveyors also took recordings of the sounds of all the individual birds detected.

A tablet PC was used to process detailed information like sound pitch, spectrum, length and timing of surveys.

To minimise the disturbance on the bird community, all the sounds were recorded from a distance using microphones to detect noise.

They found that the probability of call events was much higher for solitary birds communicating early and late in the day.

Further analyses indicated that during foraging, the frequency of calls was significantly greater for birds encountering schooling fish,

and birds called sooner after a catch in these foraging scenarios compared with when only single fish were encountered.

The results of this study showed

that increased calling activity in the presence of more profitable prey could be of crucial importance to seabirds

that benefit from group foraging.

So, does anyone have more questions on...

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같은 채널

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: bird, species, breeding, sites, falcons. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 56개와 단어 777개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:09입니다. 화자는 분당 약 126단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 76%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
breed 동사	/ˈbɹiːd/	낳다, 새끼치다
nest 명사	/nɛst/	둥지, 새집
detect 동사	/dɪˈtɛkt/	찾다, 탐지하다
falcon 명사	/ˈfælkən/	매, 송골매
turbine 명사	/ˈtɜː.baɪn/	터빈
lecture 명사	/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/	강의
obtain 동사	/əbˈteɪn/	얻다, 획득하다
valid 형용사	/ˈvælɪd/	유효하다, 유효
frequency 명사	/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/	빈도
indicate 동사	/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/	가리키다
encounter 동사	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	만나다, 부닥치다
reed 명사	/ɹiːd/	갈대
prey 명사	/pɹeɪ/	먹이, 포획물
researcher 명사	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	연구원, 연구자
extinct 형용사	/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/	멸종된

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
carry out 동사	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	실행하다, 행하다

주의할 발음

“th” 소리: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: falcon /ˈfælkən/, frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/, wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: valid /ˈvælɪd/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, minimize /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, binoculars /(ˌ)baɪˈnɑ.kjə.lɚz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, breed, nest, detect 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Vol 5 - test 1 - section 2

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Vol 3 - test 1 - section 4

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Vol 3 - test 10 - section 4

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