Pratique du Shadowing: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture on bird research in Australia.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Good afternoon.
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This is the third session of the series of lectures on wildlife.
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For this lecture, we're going to look at two studies on the habitats of birds and protection measures taken in Australia,
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including the basic methodology and related areas of research.
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Now, let me give you some background information about the first research project on birds.
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The study was carried out by R .B.
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Cunningham and his team from the Australian National University in 1995.
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The primary goal was to detect the breeding habits and resting sites of some birds, especially those protected species in urban regions.
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These species included birds like peregrine falcons and kestrels in Australia.
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The bird data set consisted of a total of 153 species recorded from 946 sites.
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One might expect that in order to obtain valid data on their distribution patterns and population densities, researchers had to count through binoculars.
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Instead, they managed to estimate with various standard distance sampling methods like random sampling.
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In addition, a mapping system was used to study their companionship behaviour.
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It recorded proposed birds' nesting sites to monitor the mating behaviour of targeted species.
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To obtain valid data of birds' whereabouts, researchers attached identity tags to birds' legs, transmitting radio signals.
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The tagging process was done when the birds were between 5 and 7 days of age.
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After the initial tagging, data was collected from subsets of radio -tagged birds, making it possible to assess the trends of birds over 15 months.
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So, what did they find?
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Well, as it turned out, many of the birds tagged had the tendency to nest in the same habitat where they grew up.
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Their nesting sites were quite varied and included freshwater reed beds, tidal reed beds, agricultural crops and man -made sites.
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Even though naturally occurring nests were common, birds sometimes accidentally nested in man -made devices like power towers, chimneys and tunnels.
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This research also studied the impact of humans on bird communities
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and found out that pollution had contributed greatly to the declining birth rates of some species,
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which were considered to be extinct or threatened to vanish from the study area.
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These species are dependent on natural forests because of their breeding holes.
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They will become extinct when local natural forests continue to be polluted heavily.
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A number of measures were thus taken by members from local animal conservation organisations to boost their alarming survival rates.
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Firstly, breeding boxes were placed in trees taking on the role of breeding holes that were contaminated.
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Protection guidelines were also introduced strictly prohibiting killing, disturbance and habitat destruction.
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A further measure was taken to ensure the safety of birds from wind farms.
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In fact, birds are sometimes shedded by wind turbine blades.
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A great deal of work was done on how to prevent them from colliding with turbines.
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A case in point was protecting space for bird migration by ensuring that migratory routes were kept free.
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Falcons generally cope well with wind turbines, but not in weather conditions where visibility is bad.
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So, with knowledge of how fast falcons fly, bird stations in northern Australia can notify wind farms further south of the falcons' approach
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so that turbines can be shut down as they pass by.
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Then, another piece of research was done a couple of years later by Conway in 2006.
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His team detected the calling frequency of seabirds flying at night.
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Acoustic signals are important communication tools for birds.
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These signals can indicate social cohesion, prey location and breeding behaviour.
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Courtship songs are common among various species during mating seasons.
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Males produce calling songs that attract distant females, and then courtship songs will induce nearby females to respond.
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Surveyors also took recordings of the sounds of all the individual birds detected.
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A tablet PC was used to process detailed information like sound pitch, spectrum, length and timing of surveys.
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To minimise the disturbance on the bird community, all the sounds were recorded from a distance using microphones to detect noise.
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They found that the probability of call events was much higher for solitary birds communicating early and late in the day.
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Further analyses indicated that during foraging, the frequency of calls was significantly greater for birds encountering schooling fish,
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and birds called sooner after a catch in these foraging scenarios compared with when only single fish were encountered.
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The results of this study showed
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that increased calling activity in the presence of more profitable prey could be of crucial importance to seabirds
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that benefit from group foraging.
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So, does anyone have more questions on...
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : bird, species, breeding, sites, falcons. Cette vidéo contient 56 phrases et 777 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:09. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 126 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| tag nom | /tæɡ/ | étiquette |
| breed verbe | /ˈbɹiːd/ | se reproduire, engendrer |
| nest nom | /nɛst/ | nid |
| detect verbe | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | déceler, détecter |
| falcon nom | /ˈfælkən/ | faucon |
| turbine nom | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | turbine |
| lecture nom | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | conférence, cours magistral |
| obtain verbe | /əbˈteɪn/ | obtenir, se procurer |
| valid adjectif | /ˈvælɪd/ | valide |
| frequency nom | /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/ | fréquence |
| indicate verbe | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | indiquer, signaler |
| encounter verbe | /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ | rencontrer |
| reed nom | /ɹiːd/ | roseau |
| prey nom | /pɹeɪ/ | proie |
| researcher nom | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | chercheur, chercheuse |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbe | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | sortir, transporter dehors |
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir | |
| grow up verbe | grandir | |
| shut down verbe | éteindre | |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, whereabouts /ˌ(h)wɛəɹəˈbaʊts/, prohibit /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/, cohesion /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: breed /ˈbɹiːd/, frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/, reed /ɹiːd/, prey /pɹeɪ/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme tag, breed, nest.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.