跟读练习: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Part 4.

You will hear part of a lecture on bird research in Australia.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Good afternoon.

This is the third session of the series of lectures on wildlife.

For this lecture, we're going to look at two studies on the habitats of birds and protection measures taken in Australia,

including the basic methodology and related areas of research.

Now, let me give you some background information about the first research project on birds.

The study was carried out by R .B.

Cunningham and his team from the Australian National University in 1995.

The primary goal was to detect the breeding habits and resting sites of some birds, especially those protected species in urban regions.

These species included birds like peregrine falcons and kestrels in Australia.

The bird data set consisted of a total of 153 species recorded from 946 sites.

One might expect that in order to obtain valid data on their distribution patterns and population densities, researchers had to count through binoculars.

Instead, they managed to estimate with various standard distance sampling methods like random sampling.

In addition, a mapping system was used to study their companionship behaviour.

It recorded proposed birds' nesting sites to monitor the mating behaviour of targeted species.

To obtain valid data of birds' whereabouts, researchers attached identity tags to birds' legs, transmitting radio signals.

The tagging process was done when the birds were between 5 and 7 days of age.

After the initial tagging, data was collected from subsets of radio -tagged birds, making it possible to assess the trends of birds over 15 months.

So, what did they find?

Well, as it turned out, many of the birds tagged had the tendency to nest in the same habitat where they grew up.

Their nesting sites were quite varied and included freshwater reed beds, tidal reed beds, agricultural crops and man -made sites.

Even though naturally occurring nests were common, birds sometimes accidentally nested in man -made devices like power towers, chimneys and tunnels.

This research also studied the impact of humans on bird communities

and found out that pollution had contributed greatly to the declining birth rates of some species,

which were considered to be extinct or threatened to vanish from the study area.

These species are dependent on natural forests because of their breeding holes.

They will become extinct when local natural forests continue to be polluted heavily.

A number of measures were thus taken by members from local animal conservation organisations to boost their alarming survival rates.

Firstly, breeding boxes were placed in trees taking on the role of breeding holes that were contaminated.

Protection guidelines were also introduced strictly prohibiting killing, disturbance and habitat destruction.

A further measure was taken to ensure the safety of birds from wind farms.

In fact, birds are sometimes shedded by wind turbine blades.

A great deal of work was done on how to prevent them from colliding with turbines.

A case in point was protecting space for bird migration by ensuring that migratory routes were kept free.

Falcons generally cope well with wind turbines, but not in weather conditions where visibility is bad.

So, with knowledge of how fast falcons fly, bird stations in northern Australia can notify wind farms further south of the falcons' approach

so that turbines can be shut down as they pass by.

Then, another piece of research was done a couple of years later by Conway in 2006.

His team detected the calling frequency of seabirds flying at night.

Acoustic signals are important communication tools for birds.

These signals can indicate social cohesion, prey location and breeding behaviour.

Courtship songs are common among various species during mating seasons.

Males produce calling songs that attract distant females, and then courtship songs will induce nearby females to respond.

Surveyors also took recordings of the sounds of all the individual birds detected.

A tablet PC was used to process detailed information like sound pitch, spectrum, length and timing of surveys.

To minimise the disturbance on the bird community, all the sounds were recorded from a distance using microphones to detect noise.

They found that the probability of call events was much higher for solitary birds communicating early and late in the day.

Further analyses indicated that during foraging, the frequency of calls was significantly greater for birds encountering schooling fish,

and birds called sooner after a catch in these foraging scenarios compared with when only single fish were encountered.

The results of this study showed

that increased calling activity in the presence of more profitable prey could be of crucial importance to seabirds

that benefit from group foraging.

So, does anyone have more questions on...

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：bird, species, breeding, sites, falcons。这段视频共有 56 个句子、777 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 6:09。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 126 个词，很适合跟读。只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
tag 名词	/tæɡ/	標簽 /标签
breed 动词	/ˈbɹiːd/	配種 /配种
nest 名词	/nɛst/	вә, 岫
detect 动词	/dɪˈtɛkt/	察覺 /察觉, 發覺 /发觉
falcon 名词	/ˈfælkən/	隼
turbine 名词	/ˈtɜː.baɪn/	渦輪機 /涡轮机, 輪機 /轮机
lecture 名词	/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/	演講 /演讲
obtain 动词	/əbˈteɪn/	獲得 /获得
valid 形容词	/ˈvælɪd/	有效的
frequency 名词	/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/	頻率 /频率, 頻度 /频度
indicate 动词	/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/	表明, 表示
encounter 动词	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	遇到, 遇見 /遇见
reed 名词	/ɹiːd/	蘆葦 /芦苇
prey 名词	/pɹeɪ/	獵物 /猎物
researcher 名词	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究员, 研究者

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
carry out 动词	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	進行 /进行
find out 动词		找出, 查明
grow up 动词		長大 /长大
turn out 动词		原來 /原来

需要注意的发音

“th” 音: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: valid /ˈvælɪd/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: tag /tæɡ/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/, nest /nɛst/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, greatly /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/, alarm /əˈlɑɹm/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, strictly /ˈstɹɪktli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 tag, breed, nest 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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