Pratica di Shadowing: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Part 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture on bird research in Australia.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Good afternoon.
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This is the third session of the series of lectures on wildlife.
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For this lecture, we're going to look at two studies on the habitats of birds and protection measures taken in Australia,
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including the basic methodology and related areas of research.
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Now, let me give you some background information about the first research project on birds.
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The study was carried out by R .B.
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Cunningham and his team from the Australian National University in 1995.
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The primary goal was to detect the breeding habits and resting sites of some birds, especially those protected species in urban regions.
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These species included birds like peregrine falcons and kestrels in Australia.
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The bird data set consisted of a total of 153 species recorded from 946 sites.
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One might expect that in order to obtain valid data on their distribution patterns and population densities, researchers had to count through binoculars.
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Instead, they managed to estimate with various standard distance sampling methods like random sampling.
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In addition, a mapping system was used to study their companionship behaviour.
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It recorded proposed birds' nesting sites to monitor the mating behaviour of targeted species.
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To obtain valid data of birds' whereabouts, researchers attached identity tags to birds' legs, transmitting radio signals.
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The tagging process was done when the birds were between 5 and 7 days of age.
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After the initial tagging, data was collected from subsets of radio -tagged birds, making it possible to assess the trends of birds over 15 months.
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So, what did they find?
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Well, as it turned out, many of the birds tagged had the tendency to nest in the same habitat where they grew up.
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Their nesting sites were quite varied and included freshwater reed beds, tidal reed beds, agricultural crops and man -made sites.
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Even though naturally occurring nests were common, birds sometimes accidentally nested in man -made devices like power towers, chimneys and tunnels.
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This research also studied the impact of humans on bird communities
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and found out that pollution had contributed greatly to the declining birth rates of some species,
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which were considered to be extinct or threatened to vanish from the study area.
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These species are dependent on natural forests because of their breeding holes.
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They will become extinct when local natural forests continue to be polluted heavily.
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A number of measures were thus taken by members from local animal conservation organisations to boost their alarming survival rates.
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Firstly, breeding boxes were placed in trees taking on the role of breeding holes that were contaminated.
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Protection guidelines were also introduced strictly prohibiting killing, disturbance and habitat destruction.
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A further measure was taken to ensure the safety of birds from wind farms.
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In fact, birds are sometimes shedded by wind turbine blades.
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A great deal of work was done on how to prevent them from colliding with turbines.
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A case in point was protecting space for bird migration by ensuring that migratory routes were kept free.
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Falcons generally cope well with wind turbines, but not in weather conditions where visibility is bad.
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So, with knowledge of how fast falcons fly, bird stations in northern Australia can notify wind farms further south of the falcons' approach
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so that turbines can be shut down as they pass by.
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Then, another piece of research was done a couple of years later by Conway in 2006.
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His team detected the calling frequency of seabirds flying at night.
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Acoustic signals are important communication tools for birds.
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These signals can indicate social cohesion, prey location and breeding behaviour.
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Courtship songs are common among various species during mating seasons.
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Males produce calling songs that attract distant females, and then courtship songs will induce nearby females to respond.
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Surveyors also took recordings of the sounds of all the individual birds detected.
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A tablet PC was used to process detailed information like sound pitch, spectrum, length and timing of surveys.
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To minimise the disturbance on the bird community, all the sounds were recorded from a distance using microphones to detect noise.
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They found that the probability of call events was much higher for solitary birds communicating early and late in the day.
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Further analyses indicated that during foraging, the frequency of calls was significantly greater for birds encountering schooling fish,
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and birds called sooner after a catch in these foraging scenarios compared with when only single fish were encountered.
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The results of this study showed
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that increased calling activity in the presence of more profitable prey could be of crucial importance to seabirds
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that benefit from group foraging.
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So, does anyone have more questions on...

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: bird, species, breeding, sites, falcons. Questo video contiene 56 frasi e 777 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 6:09. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 126 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 76% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
tag sostantivo/tæɡ/etichetta
breed verbo/ˈbɹiːd/allevare, riprodursi
nest sostantivo/nɛst/nido
detect verbo/dɪˈtɛkt/individuare, rilevare
falcon sostantivo/ˈfælkən/falco, falcone
turbine sostantivo/ˈtɜː.baɪn/turbina, rotore
lecture sostantivo/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/conferenza, lezione
obtain verbo/əbˈteɪn/ottenere
valid aggettivo/ˈvælɪd/valido
frequency sostantivo/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/frequenza
indicate verbo/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indicare
reed sostantivo/ɹiːd/canna, canniccio
prey sostantivo/pɹeɪ/preda
researcher sostantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ricercatore, ricercatrice
naturally avverbio/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/naturalmente

I phrasal verb che sentirai

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
carry out verbo/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/compiere, realizzare
find out verboscoprire
grow up verbocrescere
shut down verbospegnere
turn out verborisultare

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

  • I suoni “th”: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, whereabouts /ˌ(h)wɛəɹəˈbaʊts/, prohibit /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/, cohesion /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/
  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: tag /tæɡ/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/, nest /nɛst/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
  • /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: tag /tæɡ/, falcon /ˈfælkən/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, valid /ˈvælɪd/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come tag, breed, nest.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →