Prática de Shadowing: Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture on bird research in Australia.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Good afternoon.
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This is the third session of the series of lectures on wildlife.
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For this lecture, we're going to look at two studies on the habitats of birds and protection measures taken in Australia,
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including the basic methodology and related areas of research.
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Now, let me give you some background information about the first research project on birds.
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The study was carried out by R .B.
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Cunningham and his team from the Australian National University in 1995.
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The primary goal was to detect the breeding habits and resting sites of some birds, especially those protected species in urban regions.
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These species included birds like peregrine falcons and kestrels in Australia.
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The bird data set consisted of a total of 153 species recorded from 946 sites.
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One might expect that in order to obtain valid data on their distribution patterns and population densities, researchers had to count through binoculars.
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Instead, they managed to estimate with various standard distance sampling methods like random sampling.
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In addition, a mapping system was used to study their companionship behaviour.
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It recorded proposed birds' nesting sites to monitor the mating behaviour of targeted species.
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To obtain valid data of birds' whereabouts, researchers attached identity tags to birds' legs, transmitting radio signals.
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The tagging process was done when the birds were between 5 and 7 days of age.
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After the initial tagging, data was collected from subsets of radio -tagged birds, making it possible to assess the trends of birds over 15 months.
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So, what did they find?
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Well, as it turned out, many of the birds tagged had the tendency to nest in the same habitat where they grew up.
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Their nesting sites were quite varied and included freshwater reed beds, tidal reed beds, agricultural crops and man -made sites.
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Even though naturally occurring nests were common, birds sometimes accidentally nested in man -made devices like power towers, chimneys and tunnels.
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This research also studied the impact of humans on bird communities
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and found out that pollution had contributed greatly to the declining birth rates of some species,
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which were considered to be extinct or threatened to vanish from the study area.
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These species are dependent on natural forests because of their breeding holes.
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They will become extinct when local natural forests continue to be polluted heavily.
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A number of measures were thus taken by members from local animal conservation organisations to boost their alarming survival rates.
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Firstly, breeding boxes were placed in trees taking on the role of breeding holes that were contaminated.
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Protection guidelines were also introduced strictly prohibiting killing, disturbance and habitat destruction.
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A further measure was taken to ensure the safety of birds from wind farms.
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In fact, birds are sometimes shedded by wind turbine blades.
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A great deal of work was done on how to prevent them from colliding with turbines.
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A case in point was protecting space for bird migration by ensuring that migratory routes were kept free.
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Falcons generally cope well with wind turbines, but not in weather conditions where visibility is bad.
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So, with knowledge of how fast falcons fly, bird stations in northern Australia can notify wind farms further south of the falcons' approach
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so that turbines can be shut down as they pass by.
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Then, another piece of research was done a couple of years later by Conway in 2006.
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His team detected the calling frequency of seabirds flying at night.
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Acoustic signals are important communication tools for birds.
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These signals can indicate social cohesion, prey location and breeding behaviour.
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Courtship songs are common among various species during mating seasons.
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Males produce calling songs that attract distant females, and then courtship songs will induce nearby females to respond.
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Surveyors also took recordings of the sounds of all the individual birds detected.
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A tablet PC was used to process detailed information like sound pitch, spectrum, length and timing of surveys.
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To minimise the disturbance on the bird community, all the sounds were recorded from a distance using microphones to detect noise.
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They found that the probability of call events was much higher for solitary birds communicating early and late in the day.
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Further analyses indicated that during foraging, the frequency of calls was significantly greater for birds encountering schooling fish,
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and birds called sooner after a catch in these foraging scenarios compared with when only single fish were encountered.
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The results of this study showed
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that increased calling activity in the presence of more profitable prey could be of crucial importance to seabirds
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that benefit from group foraging.
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So, does anyone have more questions on...
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Vol 1 - test 6 - section 4”. As palavras que mais se repetem: bird, species, breeding, sites, falcons. Este vídeo tem 56 frases e 777 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 6:09. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 126 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| tag substantivo | /tæɡ/ | etiqueta |
| breed verbo | /ˈbɹiːd/ | procriar |
| nest substantivo | /nɛst/ | ninho |
| detect verbo | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | detectar, detetar |
| falcon substantivo | /ˈfælkən/ | falcão |
| turbine substantivo | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | turbina |
| lecture substantivo | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | conferência, palestra |
| obtain verbo | /əbˈteɪn/ | obter |
| valid adjetivo | /ˈvælɪd/ | válido |
| frequency substantivo | /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/ | frequência |
| indicate verbo | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | indicar |
| encounter verbo | /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ | encontrar, deparar-se com |
| reed substantivo | /ɹiːd/ | junco, cana |
| prey substantivo | /pɹeɪ/ | presa |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbo | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | carregar |
| find out verbo | descobrir | |
| grow up verbo | crescer | |
| shut down verbo | apagar, encerrar | |
| turn out verbo | terminar |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “th”: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: tag /tæɡ/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/, nest /nɛst/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/, tidal /ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/, kestrel /ˈkɛstɹəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, whereabouts /ˌ(h)wɛəɹəˈbaʊts/, prohibit /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/, cohesion /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como tag, breed, nest.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.