Prática de Shadowing: RE2 Unit 2B - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Track 4.
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Reading 2B.
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The 1,000-year bird song.
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Every summer, the calls of thousands of swamp sparrows can be heard across North America's wetlands.
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These little brown birds know only a few songs, but they know them very well.
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In fact, their musical set list probably hasn't changed much for centuries.
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Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn to communicate by copying adults.
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From a young age, they learn to copy or mimic songs sung by their elders.
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Swamp sparrows very rarely make mistakes when they learn their songs, says biologist Robert Lackland.
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In fact, their mimicry is so accurate that the music changes little between generations.
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Just like children, the sparrows don't remember every song they hear, Lackland says.
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They don't just learn songs at random.
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They pick up commoner songs rather than rarer songs.
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In other words, they learn songs they hear most often.
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It's an example of a strategy that scientists call conformist bias.
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Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
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Between 2008 and 2009,
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Lackland's research team recorded the calls of 615 male swamp sparrows
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across the northeastern United States the researchers used computer software to break each song into a collection of notes
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or syllables they then measured the differences between the tunes the research revealed that only two percent of male sparrows
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sung a different song from the standard tune.
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The combination of accurate mimicry and conformist bias allows the birds to create traditions that last for centuries.
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With those two ingredients together, you end up with traditions that are really stable, says Lachlan.
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The song types that you hear in the marshes of North America today may well have been there 1,000 years ago.
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Lackland's study is among the first to measure the longevity of song traditions within a bird species.
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Another aspect scientists are now exploring is the impact of habitat loss on songbirds.
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Man-made barriers, such as cities, roads, and plantations, can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups.
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These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between songbird populations, such as the exchange of song types.
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The findings are really exciting, says scientist Andrew Farnsworth.
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He hopes that future research will evolve from these studies.
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For example, scientists may be able to identify how other animals are able to preserve their cultural traditions.
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seeing the potential for it in other organisms is super cool, says Farnsworth.
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Sobre esta lição
Você está praticando inglês com "RE2 Unit 2B" usando a técnica de Shadowing.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.