Prática de Shadowing: Cam 17 Listening Test 1 Part 4: Labyrinths (transcript, key, dịch tiếng Việt) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Part 4.
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You will hear an anthropology student giving a presentation on spiral path designs known as labyrinths.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Labyrinths have existed for well over 4,000 years.
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Labyrinths and labyrinthine symbols have been found in regions as diverse as modern-day Turkey, Ireland, Greece and India.
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There are various designs of labyrinth, but what they all have in common is a winding spiral path which leads to a central area.
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There is one starting point at the entrance, and the goal is to reach the central area.
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Finding your way through a labyrinth involves many twists and turns, but it's not possible to get lost, as there is only one single path.
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In modern times, the word labyrinth has taken on a different meaning, and is often used as a synonym for a maze.
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A maze is quite different, as it is a kind of puzzle with an intricate network of paths.
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Mazes became fashionable in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe, and can still be found in the gardens of great houses and palaces.
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The paths are usually surrounded by thick, high hedges so that it's not possible to see over them.
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Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic to work out the pattern
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and find your way to the centre, and then out again.
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There are lots of dead ends and paths which lead you back to where you started.
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The word maze is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion.
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This is where the word amazing comes from.
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Labyrinths, on the other hand, have a very different function.
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Although people now often refer to things they find complicated as labyrinths, this is not how they were seen in the past.
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The winding spiral of the labyrinth has been used for centuries as a metaphor for life's journey.
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It served as a spiritual reminder that there is purpose and meaning to our lives, and helped to give people a sense of direction.
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Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm, and have been used as a meditation and prayer tool in many cultures over many centuries.
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The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone,
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Sardinia to Scandinavia, from Arizona to India to Africa.
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In Europe, these spiral carvings date from the late Bronze Age.
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The Native American Pima tribe wove baskets with a circular labyrinth design that depicted their own cosmology.
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In ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins around 4,000 years ago.
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Labyrinths made of mosaics were commonly found in bathhouses, villas and tombs throughout the Roman Empire.
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In northern Europe, there were actual physical labyrinths designed for walking on.
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These were cut into the turf or grass, usually in a circular pattern.
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The origin of these walking labyrinths remains unclear, but they were probably used for fertility rites, which may date back thousands of years.
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Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.
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More recently, labyrinths have experienced something of a revival.
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Some believe that walking a labyrinth promotes healing and mindfulness, and there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits,
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which include slower breathing, and a restored sense of balance and perspective.
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This idea has become so popular that labyrinths have been laid into the floors of spas, wellness centers, and even prisons in recent years.
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A pamphlet at Colorado Children's Hospital informs patients that walking a labyrinth can often calm people in the midst of a crisis.
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And apparently, it's not only patients who benefit.
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Many visitors find walking a labyrinth less stressful than sitting in a corridor or waiting room.
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Some doctors even walk the labyrinth during their breaks.
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In some hospitals, patients who can't walk can have a paper finger labyrinth brought to their bed.
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The science behind the theory is a little sketchy, but there are dozens of small-scale studies which support claims about the benefits of labyrinths.
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For example, one study found that walking a labyrinth provided short-term calming, relaxation and relief from anxiety for Alzheimer's patients.
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So what is it about labyrinths that makes their appeal so universal?
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Cam 17 Listening Test 1 Part 4: Labyrinths”. As palavras que mais se repetem: labyrinth, spiral, path, walking, maze. Este vídeo tem 51 frases e 775 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:30. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 103 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| labyrinth substantivo | /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/ | labirinto |
| spiral substantivo | /ˈspaɪɹəl/ | espiral |
| maze substantivo | /ˈmeɪz/ | labirinto |
| turf substantivo | /tɝf/ | gramado |
| circular adjetivo | /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/ | circular |
| bathhouse substantivo | /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/ | casa de banho, terma |
| cosmology substantivo | /kɑzˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ | cosmologia |
| depict verbo | /dɪˈpɪkt/ | representar, retratar |
| labyrinthine adjetivo | /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/ | labiríntico |
| pamphlet substantivo | /ˈpæmflɪt/ | panfleto, brochura |
| synonym substantivo | /ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/ | sinónimo, sinônimo |
| weave verbo | /wiːv/ | tecer |
| intricate adjetivo | /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/ | intrincado |
| amidst | /aˈmɪdst/ | entre, no meio de |
| mosaic substantivo | /moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ | mosaico |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| work out verbo | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calcular |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | have been found · be found · are usually surrounded |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have existed · have been found · has taken |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “th”: labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/, bathhouse /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/, labyrinthine /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: cosmology /kɑzˈmɑləd͡ʒi/, labyrinthine /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: depict /dɪˈpɪkt/, pamphlet /ˈpæmflɪt/, intricate /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/, amidst /aˈmɪdst/, mosaic /moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/, revival /ɹɪˈvaɪ̯vəl/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, heal /ˈhiːl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: bathhouse /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/, hedge /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/, heal /ˈhiːl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como labyrinth, spiral, maze.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.