Shadowing Practice: Cam 17 Listening Test 1 Part 4: Labyrinths (transcript, key, dịch tiếng Việt) - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Part 4.
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You will hear an anthropology student giving a presentation on spiral path designs known as labyrinths.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Labyrinths have existed for well over 4,000 years.
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Labyrinths and labyrinthine symbols have been found in regions as diverse as modern-day Turkey, Ireland, Greece and India.
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There are various designs of labyrinth, but what they all have in common is a winding spiral path which leads to a central area.
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There is one starting point at the entrance, and the goal is to reach the central area.
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Finding your way through a labyrinth involves many twists and turns, but it's not possible to get lost, as there is only one single path.
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In modern times, the word labyrinth has taken on a different meaning, and is often used as a synonym for a maze.
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A maze is quite different, as it is a kind of puzzle with an intricate network of paths.
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Mazes became fashionable in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe, and can still be found in the gardens of great houses and palaces.
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The paths are usually surrounded by thick, high hedges so that it's not possible to see over them.
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Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic to work out the pattern
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and find your way to the centre, and then out again.
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There are lots of dead ends and paths which lead you back to where you started.
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The word maze is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion.
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This is where the word amazing comes from.
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Labyrinths, on the other hand, have a very different function.
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Although people now often refer to things they find complicated as labyrinths, this is not how they were seen in the past.
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The winding spiral of the labyrinth has been used for centuries as a metaphor for life's journey.
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It served as a spiritual reminder that there is purpose and meaning to our lives, and helped to give people a sense of direction.
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Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm, and have been used as a meditation and prayer tool in many cultures over many centuries.
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The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone,
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Sardinia to Scandinavia, from Arizona to India to Africa.
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In Europe, these spiral carvings date from the late Bronze Age.
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The Native American Pima tribe wove baskets with a circular labyrinth design that depicted their own cosmology.
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In ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins around 4,000 years ago.
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Labyrinths made of mosaics were commonly found in bathhouses, villas and tombs throughout the Roman Empire.
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In northern Europe, there were actual physical labyrinths designed for walking on.
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These were cut into the turf or grass, usually in a circular pattern.
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The origin of these walking labyrinths remains unclear, but they were probably used for fertility rites, which may date back thousands of years.
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Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.
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More recently, labyrinths have experienced something of a revival.
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Some believe that walking a labyrinth promotes healing and mindfulness, and there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits,
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which include slower breathing, and a restored sense of balance and perspective.
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This idea has become so popular that labyrinths have been laid into the floors of spas, wellness centers, and even prisons in recent years.
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A pamphlet at Colorado Children's Hospital informs patients that walking a labyrinth can often calm people in the midst of a crisis.
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And apparently, it's not only patients who benefit.
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Many visitors find walking a labyrinth less stressful than sitting in a corridor or waiting room.
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Some doctors even walk the labyrinth during their breaks.
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In some hospitals, patients who can't walk can have a paper finger labyrinth brought to their bed.
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The science behind the theory is a little sketchy, but there are dozens of small-scale studies which support claims about the benefits of labyrinths.
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For example, one study found that walking a labyrinth provided short-term calming, relaxation and relief from anxiety for Alzheimer's patients.
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So what is it about labyrinths that makes their appeal so universal?
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “Cam 17 Listening Test 1 Part 4: Labyrinths”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: labyrinth, spiral, path, walking, maze. This video has 51 sentences and 775 words to shadow. The speech runs for 7:30. The speaker talks slowly, about 103 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. Only 77% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

WordPronunciationMeaning
labyrinth noun/ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/A complicated irregular network of passages or paths, especially underground or covered, in which it is difficult to find one's way.
spiral noun/ˈspaɪɹəl/A curve that is the locus of a point that rotates about a fixed point while continuously increasing its distance from that point.
maze noun/ˈmeɪz/A labyrinth; a puzzle consisting of a complicated network of paths or passages, the aim of which is to find one's way through.
turf noun/tɝf/A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.
circular adjective/ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/Of or relating to a circle.
bathhouse noun/ˈbæθˌhaʊs/A building with baths for communal use.
cosmology noun/kɑzˈmɑləd͡ʒi/The study of the physical universe, its structure, dynamics, origin and evolution, and fate.
depict verb/dɪˈpɪkt/To render a representation of something, using words, sounds, images, or other means.
labyrinthine adjective/ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/Physically resembling a labyrinth; with the qualities of a maze.
mindfulness noun/ˈmaɪn(d)fʊlnəs/Awareness.
pamphlet noun/ˈpæmflɪt/A small, brief printed work, consisting either of a folded sheet of paper, or several sheets bound together into a booklet with only a paper cover, formerly…
sketchy adjective/ˈskɛt͡ʃi/Roughly or hastily laid out; intended for later refinement.
synonym noun/ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/A term (word or phrase) which is synonymous with others.
carving noun/ˈkɑɹvɪŋ/A carved object.
weave verb/wiːv/To form something by passing lengths or strands of material over and under one another.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

WordPronunciationMeaning
see over verbTo inspect something fully.
work out verb/ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/To calculate.

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנהבסרטון
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולהhave been found · be found · are usually surrounded
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיוhave existed · have been found · has taken

Pronunciation to watch

  • The “th” sounds: labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/, bathhouse /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/, labyrinthine /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/
  • The “sh” and “zh” sounds: fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/
  • Long words — get the stress right: cosmology /kɑzˈmɑləd͡ʒi/, labyrinthine /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/

How to practise with this video

  1. Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
  2. Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
  3. Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like labyrinth, spiral, maze.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

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