跟读练习: RE2 Unit 2B - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Track 4.
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Reading 2B.
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The 1,000-year bird song.
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Every summer, the calls of thousands of swamp sparrows can be heard across North America's wetlands.
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These little brown birds know only a few songs, but they know them very well.
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In fact, their musical set list probably hasn't changed much for centuries.
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Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn to communicate by copying adults.
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From a young age, they learn to copy or mimic songs sung by their elders.
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Swamp sparrows very rarely make mistakes when they learn their songs, says biologist Robert Lackland.
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In fact, their mimicry is so accurate that the music changes little between generations.
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Just like children, the sparrows don't remember every song they hear, Lackland says.
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They don't just learn songs at random.
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They pick up commoner songs rather than rarer songs.
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In other words, they learn songs they hear most often.
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It's an example of a strategy that scientists call conformist bias.
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Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
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Between 2008 and 2009,
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Lackland's research team recorded the calls of 615 male swamp sparrows
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across the northeastern United States the researchers used computer software to break each song into a collection of notes
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or syllables they then measured the differences between the tunes the research revealed that only two percent of male sparrows
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sung a different song from the standard tune.
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The combination of accurate mimicry and conformist bias allows the birds to create traditions that last for centuries.
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With those two ingredients together, you end up with traditions that are really stable, says Lachlan.
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The song types that you hear in the marshes of North America today may well have been there 1,000 years ago.
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Lackland's study is among the first to measure the longevity of song traditions within a bird species.
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Another aspect scientists are now exploring is the impact of habitat loss on songbirds.
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Man-made barriers, such as cities, roads, and plantations, can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups.
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These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between songbird populations, such as the exchange of song types.
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The findings are really exciting, says scientist Andrew Farnsworth.
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He hopes that future research will evolve from these studies.
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For example, scientists may be able to identify how other animals are able to preserve their cultural traditions.
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seeing the potential for it in other organisms is super cool, says Farnsworth.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中反复出现的词有：song, sparrows, bird, learn, swamp。 这段视频共有 32 个句子、399 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:30。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 114 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
sparrow 名词/ˈspæɹoʊ/麻雀
swamp 名词/ˈswɑmp/沼澤 /沼泽, 沼澤地 /沼泽地
conformist 形容词/kənˈfɔɹ.mɪst/遵循常規的 /遵循常规的
mimicry 名词/ˈmɪm.ɪ.kɹi/擬態 /拟态, 模仿
songbird 名词/ˈsɔŋˌbɝd/鳴禽 /鸣禽, 鳴鳥 /鸣鸟
barrier 名词/ˈbæɹi.ə/障, 柵欄 /栅栏
bias 名词/ˈbaɪ.əs/偏見 /偏见
biologist 名词/baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/生物學家 /生物学家
excite 动词/ɪkˈsaɪt/激動 /激动
syllable 名词/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/音節 /音节
wetland 名词濕地 /湿地
longevity 名词/lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/長壽 /长寿
organism 名词/ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/生物, 有機體 /有机体
isolate 动词/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/孤立
plantation 名词/plænˈteɪʃən/種植園 /种植园

视频中出现的短语动词

单词释义
pick up 动词拾取, 撿 /捡

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事hasn't changed · have been
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的can be heard · was thought

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, hasn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/, marsh /mɑɹʃ/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, longevity /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

  • /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: longevity /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
  • 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: swamp /ˈswɑmp/, conformist /kənˈfɔɹ.mɪst/, songbird /ˈsɔŋˌbɝd/, bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/, biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/
  • /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: sparrow /ˈspæɹoʊ/, barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə/, plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 sparrow, swamp, conformist 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →