Prática de Shadowing: RE2 Unit 11B - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Track 22, Reading 11B.
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The Limits of Lying.
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Lying is a part of human nature, but how far will people go?
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Psychologist Dan Ariely became interested in dishonesty about 15 years ago.
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During a long-distance flight, he came across an IQ test in a magazine.
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He answered the first question and checked the answer key to see if he got it right.
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He then took a quick look at the next answer before looking back at the quiz.
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He continued in this way through the whole test.
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Not surprisingly, he scored very well.
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When I finished, I thought, I cheated myself, he says.
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So why did he do it?
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Presumably, I wanted to know how smart I am, but I also wanted to prove I'm this smart to myself.
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The experience led Ariely to develop a lifelong interest in the study of lying and other forms of dishonesty.
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To find out more about lying habits, Ariely developed a series of studies known as the Matrix Experiments.
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In the experiments, volunteers completed a test with 20 simple math problems.
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They were given five minutes to solve as many as they could.
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For each correct answer, they were told they would receive a sum of money.
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When the time was up, the volunteers counted the number of problems they solved correctly.
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They were then asked to destroy their answer sheets in a shredder.
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After reporting their own test scores, they were paid accordingly.
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However, there was something the volunteers didn't know.
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Their answer sheets were never actually destroyed by comparing actual test
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scores to reported scores arieli's research team found out how many volunteers lied
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and how much they lied by the results of the 40 000 people who participated in the experiment nearly 70
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percent lied about their test score.
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On average volunteers said they solved six problems but it was closer to four.
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The results are similar across different cultures.
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Most of us lie but only a little.
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The question Ariely finds most interesting is not why
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so many of us lie but rather why we don't lie a lot more.
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In one version of the experiment participants were offered significantly more money for each correct answer.
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However, this did not cause them to cheat more.
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Here we give people a chance to steal lots of money and people cheat only a little bit.
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So something stops us, most of us, from not lying all the way, Ariely says.
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The reason, he believes, is that we want to see ourselves as honest
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because honesty is a value taught to us by society.
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This is why most of us place limits on how much we lie.
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We may be able to come up with an excuse for taking post-it notes from an office fairly easily.
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But it is much more difficult to come up with an excuse for taking $10,000," Ariely explains.
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The extent of our lying is determined largely by what is acceptable by society.
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Cheating is easier, he says, when we can justify our behavior.
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O Cenário: Mentira e Honestidade na Vida Cotidiana
O vídeo explora um estudo psicológico sobre a mentira, mostrando como ela é parte da natureza humana, mas com limites. Através de experimentos, o psicólogo Dan Ariely descobre que a maioria das pessoas mente, mas apenas um pouco, graças à necessidade de se ver como honestas. Esse contexto real ajuda a entender expressões e situações comuns em conversas sobre comportamento humano.
Trechos Úteis e Colocações para Memorizar
- "Lying is a part of human nature" (A mentira é parte da natureza humana) – coloação para falar sobre traços universais.
- "come up with an excuse" (inventar uma desculpa) – expressão prática para justificar ações.
- "place limits on" (colocar limites em) – útil para falar de restrições pessoais.
- "justify our behavior" (justificar nosso comportamento) – essencial em discussões sobre ética.
- "on average" (em média) – termo comum em relatos de estudos.
Seu Desafio de Shadowing: Repetir e Imitar
Para praticar shadowing em inglês, escolha um trecho curto do vídeo (como a fala de Ariely sobre "cheating only a little bit"). Reproduza o áudio, pause e repita imitando a entonação, ritmo e acento. Faça isso 5 vezes seguidas. O shadowspeak ajuda a melhorar a fluência e a compreensão oral. Experimente com frases como "Most of us lie but only a little" – preste atenção à ligação entre "of us" e "lie but". Essa prática de shadow speech torna o aprendizado mais natural e eficaz.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.