शैडोइंग अभ्यास: RE2 Unit 11B - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Track 22, Reading 11B.
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The Limits of Lying.
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Lying is a part of human nature, but how far will people go?
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Psychologist Dan Ariely became interested in dishonesty about 15 years ago.
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During a long-distance flight, he came across an IQ test in a magazine.
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He answered the first question and checked the answer key to see if he got it right.
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He then took a quick look at the next answer before looking back at the quiz.
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He continued in this way through the whole test.
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Not surprisingly, he scored very well.
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When I finished, I thought, I cheated myself, he says.
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So why did he do it?
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Presumably, I wanted to know how smart I am, but I also wanted to prove I'm this smart to myself.
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The experience led Ariely to develop a lifelong interest in the study of lying and other forms of dishonesty.
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To find out more about lying habits, Ariely developed a series of studies known as the Matrix Experiments.
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In the experiments, volunteers completed a test with 20 simple math problems.
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They were given five minutes to solve as many as they could.
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For each correct answer, they were told they would receive a sum of money.
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When the time was up, the volunteers counted the number of problems they solved correctly.
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They were then asked to destroy their answer sheets in a shredder.
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After reporting their own test scores, they were paid accordingly.
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However, there was something the volunteers didn't know.
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Their answer sheets were never actually destroyed by comparing actual test
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scores to reported scores arieli's research team found out how many volunteers lied
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and how much they lied by the results of the 40 000 people who participated in the experiment nearly 70
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percent lied about their test score.
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On average volunteers said they solved six problems but it was closer to four.
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The results are similar across different cultures.
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Most of us lie but only a little.
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The question Ariely finds most interesting is not why
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so many of us lie but rather why we don't lie a lot more.
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In one version of the experiment participants were offered significantly more money for each correct answer.
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However, this did not cause them to cheat more.
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Here we give people a chance to steal lots of money and people cheat only a little bit.
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So something stops us, most of us, from not lying all the way, Ariely says.
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The reason, he believes, is that we want to see ourselves as honest
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because honesty is a value taught to us by society.
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This is why most of us place limits on how much we lie.
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We may be able to come up with an excuse for taking post-it notes from an office fairly easily.
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But it is much more difficult to come up with an excuse for taking $10,000," Ariely explains.
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The extent of our lying is determined largely by what is acceptable by society.
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Cheating is easier, he says, when we can justify our behavior.
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वास्तविक परिदृश्य
कभी आपने सोचा है कि लोग झूठ बोलते क्यों हैं? यह एक आम मानव स्वभाव है, लेकिन यह जानना दिलचस्प है कि लोग कितनी दूर तक जा सकते हैं। एक वीडियो में, मनोवैज्ञानिक डैन एरियली ने बताया कि कैसे उन्होंने अपने एक लंबे सफर के दौरान एक IQ टेस्ट में अपनी वास्तविक क्षमताओं को जानने के लिए छोटे-छोटे झूठ बोले। यह वीडियो हमें यह समझने में मदद करता है कि समाज में ईमानदारी का मूल्य कितना महत्वपूर्ण है और लोग अपने झूठ को कैसे सीमित करते हैं।
उपयोगी वाक्यांश और संयोजन
- ईमानदारी का मूल्य - honesty is a value
- झूठ बोलने की सीमा - limits of lying
- समाज द्वारा स्वीकार्यता - acceptability by society
- स्वयं को साबित करना - prove to oneself
- धोखा देना - to cheat
आपकी शैडोइंग चुनौती
अब, चलिए आपकी अंग्रेजी में सुधार के लिए एक सरल कार्य करते हैं। वीडियो में डैन एरियली के विचारों को ध्यान से सुनें और उनकी आवाज़ की नकल करें। शैडो स्पीच तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए, उनके वाक्यों को दोहराएँ। ध्यान रखें कि आप केवल शब्दों का उच्चारण नहीं कर रहे हैं, बल्कि उनकी इंटोनेशन और लय को भी अनुगामी करें। इससे आपके अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार होगा और आपको अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग में महारत हासिल करने में मदद मिलेगी। जब आप इसे कर रहे हों, तो अपने आप को 'shadowspeaks' के रूप में पहचानें, जो ईमानदारी और व्यक्तिगत विकास का प्रतीक है।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।