शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Cambridge 12 Test 2 Section 4 Listening - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
Section 4.
2
You will hear part of a lecture about conflict at work, given by a business studies lecturer.
3
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
4
Thank you.
5
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
6
Over the years, attitudes towards workers have changed considerably.
7
After all, there was a time when workers had no rights at all and laboured in appalling conditions.
8
Conditions have improved a lot, but conflict in the workplace is still common,
9
and human resources managers nowadays need to be able to deal with it when necessary.
10
What is conflict in the workplace?
11
Definitions vary, but I'm taking it to refer to a whole range of behaviours that the victim finds unacceptable.
12
from minor, harmless arguments to, at the opposite extreme, physical violence.
13
Much of this is covered by the term bullying,
14
by which I mean one or more people behaving abusively or aggressively against another who is in a weaker position.
15
Although all behaviour like this is a form of conflict, not all conflict can be described in these terms.
16
As with all human behaviour, there are numerous reasons for it,
17
but often it's caused by someone who feels the need to show their superiority over someone else,
18
in order to feel that they aren't at the lowest level in a hierarchy or a group of people.
19
In some cases, one person simply dislikes the other,
20
on the basis that the personality of one is in some way incompatible with that of the other person.
21
A general habit of optimism in one person could make them intolerant of a colleague who's constantly pessimistic.
22
Not that that justifies treating them badly, of course.
23
Some conflicts arise when people are more interested in promoting themselves and their team than in the company as a whole.
24
These conflicts are called structural and could come about, for example,
25
when a sales team believe they are the only people in the business who do any useful work
26
and look down on behind-the-scenes administrators.
27
Conflict obviously affects the individuals concerned.
28
The situation is likely to be very stressful for victims,
29
resulting in their absence from work, possibly for months.
30
For the company, if no effort is made to deal with conflict,
31
it can spiral out of control and even lead to the breakdown of the business.
32
Some interesting work with chief executives,
33
CEOs, has uncovered some of the reasons why they may treat colleagues badly.
34
Many CEOs combine two opposing characteristics.
35
Confidence, that is, the belief that they're capable of great achievements, with a high level of anxiety,
36
a fear of missing targets, whether set by themselves or by the directors of the company.
37
This combination can make them respond badly to anyone who questions their decisions.
38
In a high-pressure work environment,
39
such characteristics become problematic, and it's particularly difficult to tackle the situation where colleagues,
40
managers and board members are all trying to achieve their own visions.
41
When they can't agree on strategic issues and on where they see the business going, there are real problems.
42
For managers at lower levels within the organisation, it might seem that an autocratic form of management,
43
where the chief executive gives orders and everyone else has to obey, would see more conflict than others.
44
Interestingly, though, a company with a more democratic business model can suffer more
45
when uncertainty about who to report to leads to conflicting demands.
46
Now I'll say a little about dealing with the type of conflict that has harmful effects.
47
Of course, the ideal is to prevent it arising in the first place.
48
A good manager at any level will make efforts to earn the respect of the people they work with,
49
particularly those who report to them.
50
That will involve politeness in all communications and treating them as equals who happen to have a different role within the organisation.
51
Sometimes, of course, conflict does occur and can get out of hand.
52
In such cases, the Human Resources Department often gets involved.
53
However, if one of the parties in a conflict sees human resources as simply a mouthpiece for the chief executive,
54
then an external mediator might be able to help.
55
By talking to both sides and trying to find the truth of what's been happening,
56
they can build a clear picture of the situation and give feedback that both sides will accept,
57
precisely because they're independent.
58
That is the end of section four.
59
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
60
That is the end of the listening test.
61
In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
📺 उसी चैनल से
Cambridge 17 Test 2 Section 3 ListeningB2
1

Cambridge 17 Test 2 Section 3 Listening

Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
Cambridge 18 Test 4 Section 2 ListeningB1
3

Cambridge 18 Test 4 Section 2 Listening

Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
Cambridge 10 Test 3 Section 2 ListeningB2
1

Cambridge 10 Test 3 Section 2 Listening

Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Cambridge 10 Test 2 Section 1 ListeningB1
5

Cambridge 10 Test 2 Section 1 Listening

Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
Cambridge 13 Test 4 Section 1 ListeningB1
12

Cambridge 13 Test 4 Section 1 Listening

Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
Cambridge 14 Test 2 Section 1 ListeningB1
4

Cambridge 14 Test 2 Section 1 Listening

TOEFL PrepCambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 2 ListeningB2
2

Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 2 Listening

Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 ListeningC1
5

Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening

IELTS PrepCambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
Cambridge 16 Test 1 Section 3 LIsteningB2

Cambridge 16 Test 1 Section 3 LIstening

Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
Cambridge 16 Test 1 Section 2 LIsteningB2

Cambridge 16 Test 1 Section 2 LIstening

TOEIC PrepCambridge Exam PrepBusiness English
✨ अनुशंसित वीडियो
IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answersC1
2
86 वाक्य

IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answers

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 3C1
2
59 वाक्य

Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 3

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
Crisis Communication Theory: IELTS LISTENING (actual test) kèm đáp án & transcript with locationC1
5
61 वाक्य

Crisis Communication Theory: IELTS LISTENING (actual test) kèm đáp án & transcript with location

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
CAE 1 - TEST 3C1
3
398 वाक्य

CAE 1 - TEST 3

Cambridge Exam PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
English shadowing | Relationships and Communication | Level B2 | How to improve EnglishB2
42
35 वाक्य

English shadowing | Relationships and Communication | Level B2 | How to improve English

Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Describe a Time You Solved a Problem with a Colleague | IELTS Speaking Part 2 & 3 | Learnivo #ieltsB2
2
96 वाक्य

Describe a Time You Solved a Problem with a Colleague | IELTS Speaking Part 2 & 3 | Learnivo #ielts

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
(Level- Medium) IELTS Actual listening Economics and TrustC1
1
75 वाक्य

(Level- Medium) IELTS Actual listening Economics and Trust

IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
IELTS Listening Practice: Work & Career || English Podcast for IELTS PreparationB2
2
552 वाक्य

IELTS Listening Practice: Work & Career || English Podcast for IELTS Preparation

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishInterview English
'Self-Regulatory focus theory' and leadership | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4C1
3
57 वाक्य

'Self-Regulatory focus theory' and leadership | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
Ethnography in Business | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4C1
5
58 वाक्य

Ethnography in Business | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
02 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Unit 5-8C1
4
156 वाक्य

02 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Unit 5-8

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
IELTS Actual listening Professor Smith's article part 3(14.06.2025)B2
1
66 वाक्य

IELTS Actual listening Professor Smith's article part 3(14.06.2025)

IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Cambridge 12 Test 2 Section 4 Listening” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: conflict, manager, answer, colleague, behaviour। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 61 वाक्य और 774 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 8:34 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 90 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
colleague संज्ञा/ˈkɒliːɡ/सहकर्मी, साथी
arise क्रिया/əˈɹaɪz/उद्गम
workplace संज्ञा/ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/कार्यशाला, कार्यालय
intolerant विशेषण/ɪnˈtɑləɹənt/असहनशील
mediator संज्ञा/ˈmidieɪtɚ/मध्यस्थ
politeness संज्ञा/pəˈlaɪtnəs/शिष्टता, अदब
superiority संज्ञा/sʊˌpɪə(ɹ).iˈɒ.ɹɪ.ti/वरिष्ठता
optimism संज्ञा/ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/आशावाद
lecturer संज्ञा/ˈlɛkt͡ʃəɹə/प्राध्यापक, व्याख्याता
hierarchy संज्ञा/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/पदानुक्रम, अनुक्रम
obey क्रिया/oʊˈbeɪ/आज्ञा मानना, आज्ञापालन
spiral संज्ञा/ˈspaɪɹəl/सर्पिल
dislike क्रिया/dɪsˈlaɪk/नापसंद करना
harmful विशेषण/ˈhɑɹmfl̩/हानिकारक, अहितकर
bullying संज्ञा/ˈbʊ.li.ɪŋ/दादागिरी

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैis covered · can be described · are called
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैhave changed · have improved · has uncovered
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीsomeone who feels · anyone who questions · those who report

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 6 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, aren't, can't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, abusively /əˈbju.sɪv.li/, incompatible /ˌɪŋkəmˈpætɪbəl/, intolerant /ɪnˈtɑləɹənt/, pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/, abusively /əˈbju.sɪv.li/, uncover /ʌnˈkʌvɚ/, weaker /ˈwikɚ/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: arise /əˈɹaɪz/, optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर colleague, arise, workplace जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →