शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 73 वाक्य और 931 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 8:45 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 106 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। 85% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
excellence संज्ञा/ˈɛksələns/कमाल
lazy विशेषण/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/आलसी, सुस्त
creativity संज्ञा/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/रचनात्मकता
solve क्रिया/sɒlv/सुलझाना, हल करना
intend क्रिया/ɪnˈtɛnd/इरादा रखना, नीयत करना
pioneer संज्ञा/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/अग्रणी
follower संज्ञा/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/अनुयायी, अनुगामी
necessarily क्रिया विशेषण/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/अवश्य, अनिवार्यतः
compare क्रिया/kəmˈpɛɚ/तौलना
encourage क्रिया/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/प्रेरित करना
sheet संज्ञा/ʃit/पत्र, चद्दर
resource संज्ञा/ɹɪˈzɔːs/संसाधन
intention संज्ञा/ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/अभिप्राय, इच्छा
intellectual विशेषण/ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/बौद्धिक
creator संज्ञा/kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/विधाता

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीdamage, which is · people who say · those who are

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 10 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, isn't, they're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/, subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: lazy /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, possess /pəˈzɛs/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर excellence, lazy, creativity जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →