Prática de Shadowing: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. As palavras que mais se repetem: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. Este vídeo tem 73 frases e 931 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:45. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 106 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
excellence substantivo/ˈɛksələns/excelência
lazy adjetivo/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/preguiçoso
creativity substantivo/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/criatividade
clever adjetivo/ˈklɛv.ɚ/hábil, talentoso
solve verbo/sɒlv/resolver, solucionar
collaboration substantivo/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/colaboração
intend verbo/ɪnˈtɛnd/pretender, tencionar
pioneer substantivo/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/pioneiro
follower substantivo/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/seguidor
necessarily advérbio/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/necessariamente
rush verbo/ɹʌʃ/apressar-se
carefully advérbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/cuidadosamente, cautelosamente
compare verbo/kəmˈpɛɚ/comparar
encourage verbo/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/encorajar, incentivar
nowhere advérbio/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/em nenhum lugar, em lugar nenhum

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
come up with verbopensar (em), alcançar
carry out verbo/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/carregar

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisadamage, which is · people who say · those who are

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, isn't, they're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

  • Os sons de “th”: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/, sheet /ʃit/, subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/, adopt /əˈdɑpt/, insist /ɪnˈsɪst/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/, hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como excellence, lazy, creativity.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →