تدريب Shadowing: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 73 جملة و931 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 8:45. يتكلم المتحدث ببطء، بمعدل 106 كلمة في الدقيقة تقريبًا، فيكون لديك وقت لتقليد كل صوت. 85% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
lazy صفة/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/كَسْلَان
creativity اسم/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/إِبْدَاع
solve فعل/sɒlv/ذَابَ, حَلَّ
intend فعل/ɪnˈtɛnd/تَعَمَّدَ, نَوَى
pioneer اسم/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/رَائِد
follower اسم/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/تَابِع
necessarily ظرف/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/حَتْماً
rush فعل/ɹʌʃ/اِنْدَفَعَ, أَسْرَعَ
carefully ظرف/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/بِعِنَايَة
compare فعل/kəmˈpɛɚ/قَارَنَ
encourage فعل/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/شَجَّعَ
nowhere ظرف/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/فِي لَا مَكَان, إِلَى لَا مَكَان
sheet اسم/ʃit/وَرَقَة, وَرَق
resource اسم/ɹɪˈzɔːs/مَوْرِد
intention اسم/ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/قَصْد, إِرَادَة

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
come up with فعلجَاءَ بِـ, أَتَى بِـ
carry out فعل/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/شَغَّلَ, نَفَّذَ

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءdamage, which is · people who say · those who are

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 10 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, isn't, they're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “th”: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: pioneer /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/, compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/, pursue /pɚˈsu/, adopt /əˈdɑpt/, comply /kəmˈplaɪ/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: excellence /ˈɛksələns/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل lazy, creativity, solve.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

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