シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.

Today I'm going to talk about four of them.

Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.

Most people would say they're all good things.

I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.

Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.

They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,

but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.

The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.

OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.

Let me give you an example.

On a management training course I once attended,

we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.

The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.

This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person.

The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.

Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.

She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,

and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.

We finished before any other team.

My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.

In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,

and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.

The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.

The result was that it met the needs of neither group.

It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.

Now, industriousness or hard work.

It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.

After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.

Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,

otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.

There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.

Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.

Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.

It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.

Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.

They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.

They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.

Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.

Next, we come to creativity.

This often works well.

Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.

But it isn't always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.

This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.

Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.

The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,

but it may be too creative.

and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem

that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing

and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.

In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.

A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,

with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.

The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,

while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.

Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.

Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：product, value, excellence, companies, creativity。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が73文、単語が931語あります。音声の長さは8:45です。話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約106語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。単語の85%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
excellence 名詞	/ˈɛksələns/	優秀さ
lazy 形容詞	/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/	ナマケモノ, 怠惰な
creativity 名詞	/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/	創造性, 創造力
clever 形容詞	/ˈklɛv.ɚ/	巧い
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決する
collaboration 名詞	/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/	コラボレーション, コラボ
intend 動詞	/ɪnˈtɛnd/	つもりである, 意図する
pioneer 名詞	/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/	先駆者, パイオニア
follower 名詞	/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/	支持者
rush 動詞	/ɹʌʃ/	急ぐ, 駆け付ける
carefully 副詞	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	じっくり, 慎重に
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比べる, 比較する
encourage 動詞	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	勇気付ける, 奨励する
nowhere 副詞	/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/	どこにも, どこへも
sheet 名詞	/ʃit/	枚, シート

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
carry out 動詞	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	行う, 実行する

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	were put · was intended · wasn't really suited
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	damage, which is · people who say · those who are

注意したい発音

話し手はI'm, isn't, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
「sh」と「zh」の音: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。excellence, lazy, creativityなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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