シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 10 Test 4 Section 4 Listening - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Section 4.
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You will hear a woman talking to a group of first -year science undergraduates about the developing science of nanotechnology.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you. to 40.
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Today we're going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology.
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So what is it?
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Nano means tiny, so it's science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules.
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The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything.
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However, as we'll see, the science of the small has some big implications, affecting us in many ways.
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There's no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization.
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However, all new technologies have their teething problems.
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And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.
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Numerous science fiction books and movies have raised people's fears about nanotechnology,
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with scenarios such as inserting little nanorobots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it,
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or self -replicating nanorobots that eventually take over the world.
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So, how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology.
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Some scientists recommend that nanoparticles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling.
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They believe that greater care should also be taken with nanoparticles in laboratories and factories.
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Others have called for a withdrawal of new nanoproducts such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
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But as far as I'm concerned, there's a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.
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I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology.
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We can't go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad.
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As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that's important.
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So, let's look at some of its possible uses.
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Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation, with the production of more durable metals.
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These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable, leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present.
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Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space,
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making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
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In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes.
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We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers
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that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory, but will be about the size of a sugar cube.
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Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power.
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The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced, so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
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But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment.
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For instance, tiny airborne nanorobots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer,
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which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet.
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That's a pretty amazing thought, isn't it?
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On a more local scale,
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this new technology could help with the clean -up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil
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and other contaminants from the water far more effectively.
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And if nanotechnology progresses as expected, as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms,
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then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up.
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In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn't be any waste
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The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health
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It means that we'll eventually be able to replicate anything
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This would have a phenomenal effect on our society
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In time, it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines
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that produce food to feed the hungry.
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But it's in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact.
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How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days.
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There's even speculation nanorobots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.
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As you can see, I'm very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades.
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Just how long it'll take, I honestly don't know.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Cambridge 10 Test 4 Section 4 Listening」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：nanotechnology, science, technology, nanorobots, atoms。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が57文、単語が753語あります。 音声の長さは7:23です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約102語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| atom 名詞 | /ˈætəm/ | 原子, アトム |
| hungry 形容詞 | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | 空腹な, 飢えた |
| scientist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科学者 |
| capability 名詞 | /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ | 能力 |
| temporary 形容詞 | /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ | 暫くの, 暫時の |
| discovery 名詞 | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | 発見 |
| fiction 名詞 | /ˈfɪkʃən/ | フィクション, 小説 |
| label 名詞 | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | 荷札, 貼り札 |
| ordinary 形容詞 | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | 通常な, 普通な |
| layer 名詞 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層, 膜 |
| sheet 名詞 | /ʃit/ | 枚, シート |
| disaster 名詞 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災害, 天災 |
| monitor 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | モニター |
| innovation 名詞 | /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ | イノベーション, 革新 |
| laboratory 名詞 | /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ | 研究室, 実験室 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| take over 動詞 | 引き受ける |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be treated · be taken · could be programmed |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have raised · have called |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, we'll, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, lengthen /ˈlɛŋθən/, teethe /tiːð/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: replicate /ˈɹɛplɪkeɪt/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/, withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/, durable /ˈdʊɹəbəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, phenomenal /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl/, famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/, safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。atom, hungry, scientistなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。