シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 3 Listening - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Part 3.
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You will hear two urban planning students discussing bike -sharing schemes in different cities.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.
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Now that we've done all the research into bike -sharing schemes in cities around the world,
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we need to think about how we're going to organise our report.
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Right.
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I think we should start by talking about the benefits.
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I mean, it's great that
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so many cities have introduced these schemes where anyone can pick up a bike from dozens of different locations
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and hire it for a few hours.
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It makes riding a bike very convenient for people.
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Yes, but the costs can add up and that puts people on low incomes off in some places.
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I suppose so.
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But if it means more people in general are cycling rather than driving, then because they're increasing the amount of physical activity they do,
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it's good for their health.
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OK, but isn't that of less importance?
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I mean, doesn't the impact of reduced emissions on air pollution have a more significant effect on people's health?
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Certainly in some cities, bike sharing has made a big contribution to that and also helped to cut the number of cars on the road significantly.
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Which is the main point.
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Exactly.
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But I'd say it's had less of an impact on noise pollution because there are still loads of buses and lorries around.
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Right.
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Shall we quickly discuss the recommendations we're going to make?
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In order to ensure bike -sharing schemes are successful?
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Yes.
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OK.
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Well, while I think it's nice to have really state -of -the -art bikes with things like GPS, I wouldn't say they're absolutely necessary.
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But some technical things are really important, like a fully functional app, so people can make payments and book bikes easily.
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Places which haven't invested in that have really struggled.
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Good point.
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Some people say there shouldn't be competing companies offering separate bike -sharing schemes, but in some really big cities, competition's beneficial.
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And anyway, one company might not be able to manage the whole thing.
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Right.
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Deciding how much to invest is a big question.
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Cities
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which have opened loads of new bike lanes at the same time as introducing bike -sharing schemes have generally been more successful,
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but there are examples of successful schemes where this hasn't happened.
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What does matter, though, is having a big publicity campaign.
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Definitely.
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If people don't know how to use the scheme or don't understand its benefits, they won't use it.
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People need a lot of persuasion to stop using their cars.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
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Shall we look at some examples now and say what we think is good or bad about them?
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I suppose we should start with Amsterdam, as this was one of the first cities to have a bike -sharing scheme.
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Yes.
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There was already a strong culture of cycling here.
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In a way, it's strange that there was such a demand for bike sharing, because you'd have thought most people would have used their own bikes.
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And yet it's one of the best used schemes.
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Dublin's an interesting example of a success story.
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It must be because the public transport system's quite limited.
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Not really.
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There's no underground, but there are trams and a good bus network.
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I'd say price has a lot to do with it.
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It's one of the cheapest schemes in Europe to join.
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But the buses are really slow.
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Anyway, the weather certainly can't be a factor.
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No, definitely not.
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The London scheme's been quite successful.
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Yes, it's been a really good thing for the city.
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The bikes are popular and the whole system is well maintained.
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But it isn't expanding quickly enough.
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Basically, not enough's been spent on increasing the number of cycle lanes.
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Hopefully that'll change.
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Yes.
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Now, what about outside Europe?
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Well, bike -sharing schemes have taken off in places like Buenos Aires.
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Hmm.
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They built a huge network of cycle lanes to support the introduction of the scheme there, didn't they?
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It attracted huge numbers of cyclists where, previously, there were hardly any.
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An example of good planning.
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Absolutely.
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New York is a good example of how not to introduce a scheme.
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When they launched it, it was more than ten times the price of most other schemes.
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More than it costs to take a taxi.
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Crazy.
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I think the organisers lacked vision and ambition there.
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I think so too.
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Sydney would be a good example to use.
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I would have expected it to have grown pretty quickly here.
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Yes.
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I can't quite work out why it hasn't been an instant success like some of the others.
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It's a shame, really.
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I know.
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OK, so now we've thought about all the...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers to part three.
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Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 3 Listening」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：bike, scheme, sharing, cities, example。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が89文、単語が840語あります。 音声の長さは6:28です。 話す速さは1分あたり約130語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語発音意味
introduce 動詞/ˌɪntɹəˈdus/紹介する, 引き合わせる
invest 動詞/ɪnˈvɛst/投入する
pollution 名詞/pəˈluʃən/汚染
carefully 副詞/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/じっくり, 慎重に
hire 動詞/ˈhaɪɹ/借りる
compete 動詞/kəmˈpiːt/争う, 競う
expand 動詞/ɪkˈspænd/広げる, 拡大する
contribution 名詞/ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/貢献
instant 名詞/ˈɪnstənt/瞬間
underground 形容詞/ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/地下
functional 形容詞/ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/機能の, 機能する
attract 動詞/əˈtɹækt/引きつける
taxi 名詞/ˈtæksi/タクシー, 辻自動車
convenient 形容詞/kənˈviː.niənt/便利
recommendation 名詞/ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/勧告, 推薦

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語意味
pick up 動詞拾う, 拾い上げる

注意したい発音

話し手はcan't, don't, hasn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を24回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, publicity /pʌbˈlɪsɪti/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

  • /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, lorry /ˈlɔɹi/
  • /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/
  • /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。introduce, invest, pollutionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →