Практика Shadowing: Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 3 Listening - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Part 3.
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You will hear two urban planning students discussing bike -sharing schemes in different cities.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.
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Now that we've done all the research into bike -sharing schemes in cities around the world,
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we need to think about how we're going to organise our report.
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Right.
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I think we should start by talking about the benefits.
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I mean, it's great that
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so many cities have introduced these schemes where anyone can pick up a bike from dozens of different locations
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and hire it for a few hours.
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It makes riding a bike very convenient for people.
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Yes, but the costs can add up and that puts people on low incomes off in some places.
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I suppose so.
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But if it means more people in general are cycling rather than driving, then because they're increasing the amount of physical activity they do,
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it's good for their health.
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OK, but isn't that of less importance?
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I mean, doesn't the impact of reduced emissions on air pollution have a more significant effect on people's health?
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Certainly in some cities, bike sharing has made a big contribution to that and also helped to cut the number of cars on the road significantly.
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Which is the main point.
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Exactly.
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But I'd say it's had less of an impact on noise pollution because there are still loads of buses and lorries around.
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Right.
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Shall we quickly discuss the recommendations we're going to make?
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In order to ensure bike -sharing schemes are successful?
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Yes.
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OK.
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Well, while I think it's nice to have really state -of -the -art bikes with things like GPS, I wouldn't say they're absolutely necessary.
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But some technical things are really important, like a fully functional app, so people can make payments and book bikes easily.
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Places which haven't invested in that have really struggled.
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Good point.
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Some people say there shouldn't be competing companies offering separate bike -sharing schemes, but in some really big cities, competition's beneficial.
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And anyway, one company might not be able to manage the whole thing.
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Right.
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Deciding how much to invest is a big question.
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Cities
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which have opened loads of new bike lanes at the same time as introducing bike -sharing schemes have generally been more successful,
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but there are examples of successful schemes where this hasn't happened.
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What does matter, though, is having a big publicity campaign.
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Definitely.
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If people don't know how to use the scheme or don't understand its benefits, they won't use it.
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People need a lot of persuasion to stop using their cars.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
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Shall we look at some examples now and say what we think is good or bad about them?
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I suppose we should start with Amsterdam, as this was one of the first cities to have a bike -sharing scheme.
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Yes.
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There was already a strong culture of cycling here.
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In a way, it's strange that there was such a demand for bike sharing, because you'd have thought most people would have used their own bikes.
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And yet it's one of the best used schemes.
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Dublin's an interesting example of a success story.
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It must be because the public transport system's quite limited.
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Not really.
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There's no underground, but there are trams and a good bus network.
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I'd say price has a lot to do with it.
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It's one of the cheapest schemes in Europe to join.
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But the buses are really slow.
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Anyway, the weather certainly can't be a factor.
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No, definitely not.
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The London scheme's been quite successful.
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Yes, it's been a really good thing for the city.
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The bikes are popular and the whole system is well maintained.
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But it isn't expanding quickly enough.
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Basically, not enough's been spent on increasing the number of cycle lanes.
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Hopefully that'll change.
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Yes.
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Now, what about outside Europe?
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Well, bike -sharing schemes have taken off in places like Buenos Aires.
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Hmm.
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They built a huge network of cycle lanes to support the introduction of the scheme there, didn't they?
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It attracted huge numbers of cyclists where, previously, there were hardly any.
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An example of good planning.
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Absolutely.
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New York is a good example of how not to introduce a scheme.
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When they launched it, it was more than ten times the price of most other schemes.
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More than it costs to take a taxi.
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Crazy.
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I think the organisers lacked vision and ambition there.
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I think so too.
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Sydney would be a good example to use.
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I would have expected it to have grown pretty quickly here.
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Yes.
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I can't quite work out why it hasn't been an instant success like some of the others.
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It's a shame, really.
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I know.
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OK, so now we've thought about all the...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers to part three.
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Thank you.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 3 Listening». Чаще всего повторяются слова: bike, scheme, sharing, cities, example. В этом видео 89 предложений и 840 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:28. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 130 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 86% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| introduce глагол | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | представля́ть, предста́вить |
| invest глагол | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | вкла́дывать, вложи́ть |
| pollution существительное | /pəˈluʃən/ | загрязне́ние |
| carefully наречие | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | осторо́жно, аккура́тно |
| hire глагол | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | брать напрока́т, взять напрока́т |
| compete глагол | /kəmˈpiːt/ | соревнова́ться, состяза́ться |
| expand глагол | /ɪkˈspænd/ | растя́гивать, расширя́ть |
| contribution существительное | /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ | вклад, уча́стие |
| instant существительное | /ˈɪnstənt/ | мгнове́ние, моме́нт |
| underground прилагательное | /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ | подзе́мный |
| functional прилагательное | /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ | функциони́рующий, де́йствующий |
| attract глагол | /əˈtɹækt/ | притя́гивать, притяну́ть |
| taxi существительное | /ˈtæksi/ | такси́, таксомото́р |
| convenient прилагательное | /kənˈviː.niənt/ | удо́бный |
| recommendation существительное | /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ | рекоменда́ция |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| pick up глагол | подбира́ть, подобра́ть | |
| work out глагол | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | рассчи́тывать, рассчита́ть |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 24 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например can't, don't, hasn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, publicity /pʌbˈlɪsɪti/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: lanes /leɪnz/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, underground /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как introduce, invest, pollution.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.