Pratique du Shadowing: Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 3 Listening - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Part 3.
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You will hear two urban planning students discussing bike -sharing schemes in different cities.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.
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Now that we've done all the research into bike -sharing schemes in cities around the world,
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we need to think about how we're going to organise our report.
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Right.
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I think we should start by talking about the benefits.
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I mean, it's great that
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so many cities have introduced these schemes where anyone can pick up a bike from dozens of different locations
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and hire it for a few hours.
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It makes riding a bike very convenient for people.
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Yes, but the costs can add up and that puts people on low incomes off in some places.
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I suppose so.
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But if it means more people in general are cycling rather than driving, then because they're increasing the amount of physical activity they do,
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it's good for their health.
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OK, but isn't that of less importance?
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I mean, doesn't the impact of reduced emissions on air pollution have a more significant effect on people's health?
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Certainly in some cities, bike sharing has made a big contribution to that and also helped to cut the number of cars on the road significantly.
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Which is the main point.
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Exactly.
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But I'd say it's had less of an impact on noise pollution because there are still loads of buses and lorries around.
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Right.
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Shall we quickly discuss the recommendations we're going to make?
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In order to ensure bike -sharing schemes are successful?
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Yes.
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OK.
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Well, while I think it's nice to have really state -of -the -art bikes with things like GPS, I wouldn't say they're absolutely necessary.
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But some technical things are really important, like a fully functional app, so people can make payments and book bikes easily.
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Places which haven't invested in that have really struggled.
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Good point.
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Some people say there shouldn't be competing companies offering separate bike -sharing schemes, but in some really big cities, competition's beneficial.
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And anyway, one company might not be able to manage the whole thing.
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Right.
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Deciding how much to invest is a big question.
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Cities
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which have opened loads of new bike lanes at the same time as introducing bike -sharing schemes have generally been more successful,
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but there are examples of successful schemes where this hasn't happened.
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What does matter, though, is having a big publicity campaign.
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Definitely.
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If people don't know how to use the scheme or don't understand its benefits, they won't use it.
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People need a lot of persuasion to stop using their cars.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
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Shall we look at some examples now and say what we think is good or bad about them?
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I suppose we should start with Amsterdam, as this was one of the first cities to have a bike -sharing scheme.
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Yes.
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There was already a strong culture of cycling here.
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In a way, it's strange that there was such a demand for bike sharing, because you'd have thought most people would have used their own bikes.
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And yet it's one of the best used schemes.
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Dublin's an interesting example of a success story.
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It must be because the public transport system's quite limited.
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Not really.
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There's no underground, but there are trams and a good bus network.
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I'd say price has a lot to do with it.
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It's one of the cheapest schemes in Europe to join.
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But the buses are really slow.
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Anyway, the weather certainly can't be a factor.
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No, definitely not.
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The London scheme's been quite successful.
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Yes, it's been a really good thing for the city.
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The bikes are popular and the whole system is well maintained.
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But it isn't expanding quickly enough.
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Basically, not enough's been spent on increasing the number of cycle lanes.
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Hopefully that'll change.
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Yes.
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Now, what about outside Europe?
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Well, bike -sharing schemes have taken off in places like Buenos Aires.
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Hmm.
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They built a huge network of cycle lanes to support the introduction of the scheme there, didn't they?
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It attracted huge numbers of cyclists where, previously, there were hardly any.
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An example of good planning.
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Absolutely.
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New York is a good example of how not to introduce a scheme.
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When they launched it, it was more than ten times the price of most other schemes.
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More than it costs to take a taxi.
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Crazy.
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I think the organisers lacked vision and ambition there.
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I think so too.
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Sydney would be a good example to use.
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I would have expected it to have grown pretty quickly here.
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Yes.
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I can't quite work out why it hasn't been an instant success like some of the others.
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It's a shame, really.
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I know.
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OK, so now we've thought about all the...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers to part three.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Cambridge 16 Test 4 Section 3 Listening ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : bike, scheme, sharing, cities, example. Cette vidéo contient 89 phrases et 840 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:28. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 130 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 86 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| introduce verbe | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | présenter |
| invest verbe | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | investir, consacrer |
| pollution nom | /pəˈluʃən/ | pollution |
| carefully adverbe | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | soigneusement |
| hire verbe | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | louer |
| compete verbe | /kəmˈpiːt/ | rivaliser, concourir |
| expand verbe | /ɪkˈspænd/ | agrandir |
| contribution nom | /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ | contribution |
| instant nom | /ˈɪnstənt/ | instant |
| underground adjectif | /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ | souterrain |
| functional adjectif | /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ | fonctionnel |
| attract verbe | /əˈtɹækt/ | attirer |
| taxi nom | /ˈtæksi/ | taxi, taxi-auto |
| convenient adjectif | /kənˈviː.niənt/ | commode, pratique |
| recommendation nom | /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ | recommandation |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| add up verbe | additionner | |
| pick up verbe | soulever | |
| work out verbe | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calculer |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 24 contractions et formes réduites, comme can't, don't, hasn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, publicity /pʌbˈlɪsɪti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: introduce /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, hire /ˈhaɪɹ/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, underground /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme introduce, invest, pollution.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.