Pratique du Shadowing: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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73 phrases
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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. Cette vidéo contient 73 phrases et 931 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:45. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 106 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
excellence nom/ˈɛksələns/excellence
lazy adjectif/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/paresseux, fainéant
creativity nom/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/créativité
clever adjectif/ˈklɛv.ɚ/habile, agile
solve verbe/sɒlv/résoudre, régler
collaboration nom/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/collaboration
intend verbe/ɪnˈtɛnd/avoir l'intention, prévoir
pioneer nom/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/pionnier, pionnière
necessarily adverbe/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/absolument, nécessairement
rush verbe/ɹʌʃ/se dépêcher, se hâter
carefully adverbe/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/soigneusement
compare verbe/kəmˈpɛɚ/comparer
encourage verbe/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/encourager
nowhere adverbe/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/nulle part
sheet nom/ʃit/feuille

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotPrononciationSens
come up with verbeinventer, imaginer
carry out verbe/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/sortir, transporter dehors

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chosedamage, which is · people who say · those who are

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, isn't, they're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « th »: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/, hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/
  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, pioneer /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme excellence, lazy, creativity.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →