跟讀練習: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.

Today I'm going to talk about four of them.

Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.

Most people would say they're all good things.

I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.

Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.

They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,

but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.

The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.

OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.

Let me give you an example.

On a management training course I once attended,

we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.

The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.

This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person.

The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.

Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.

She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,

and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.

We finished before any other team.

My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.

In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,

and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.

The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.

The result was that it met the needs of neither group.

It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.

Now, industriousness or hard work.

It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.

After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.

Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,

otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.

There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.

Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.

Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.

It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.

Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.

They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.

They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.

Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.

Next, we come to creativity.

This often works well.

Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.

But it isn't always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.

This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.

Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.

The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,

but it may be too creative.

and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem

that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing

and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.

In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.

A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,

with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.

The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,

while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.

Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.

Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：product, value, excellence, companies, creativity。這段影片共有 73 個句子、931 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 8:45。說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 106 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
excellence 名詞	/ˈɛksələns/	卓越
lazy 形容詞	/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/	懶 /懶, 懶惰 /懶惰
creativity 名詞	/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/	創造力 /創造力, 創造性 /創造性
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決 /解決
collaboration 名詞	/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/	合作, 協作 /協作
intend 動詞	/ɪnˈtɛnd/	打算, 想要
pioneer 名詞	/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/	開拓者 /開拓者, 先驅者 /先驅者
follower 名詞	/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/	追隨者 /追隨者
necessarily 副詞	/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/	必然地, 必定地
rush 動詞	/ɹʌʃ/	急速去, 急速做
carefully 副詞	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比較
encourage 動詞	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	鼓勵 /鼓勵, 激勵 /激勵
nowhere 副詞	/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/	無處 /無處
sheet 名詞	/ʃit/	篇, 張 /張

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
come up with 動詞		想出, 提出
carry out 動詞	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	進行 /進行

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	were put · was intended · wasn't really suited
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	damage, which is · people who say · those who are

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 10 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, isn't, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: excellence /ˈɛksələns/, solve /sɒlv/, intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 excellence, lazy, creativity 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通過影片學習英語口語

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