跟讀練習: Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a lecture about noise in cities.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

This lecture will be about the science of acoustics, the study of sound, in relation to urban environments such as cities.

As an acoustic engineer myself, I think this is an area where we're likely to see great changes.

In the past, researching urban soundscapes was simple.

We measured levels of sound in decibels.

So I used to take my sound meter and I measured the noise somewhere.

And then I might ask a sample of people to say at what level the sound became annoying.

With data like this, acoustic engineers have been able to build up what we call noise maps, maps of the sound environment.

But actually, these aren't a lot of use.

What they do show is that the highest noise levels are generally on roads.

Well, that's not really very surprising.

But there's quite a lot going on that these maps don't show, because they can't capture the complex way that sound varies over time.

So they ignore important issues such as the noise someone might hear from the open windows or gardens of their neighbours.

And this sort of noise can be quite significant in summer.

We don't have any databases on this sort of information.

As well as that, these records of sound levels take no account of the fact

that people vary in their perceptions of noise.

So someone like me with years of working in acoustics might be very different from you in that regard.

But anyway, even though these noise maps are fairly crude, they've been useful in providing information and raising awareness that noise matters.

We need to deal with it, and so it's a political matter.

And that's important.

We need rules and regulations because noise can cause all sorts of problems.

Those of you who are city dwellers know that things go on 24 hours a day, so city dwellers often suffer from interrupted sleep.

It's also known

that noise can lead to a rise in levels of stress

due to physical changes in the body affecting the composition of the blood.

And there are other problems as well.

For instance, if schoolchildren don't have a quiet place to study, their work will suffer.

Now one problem with decibel measurement is that it doesn't differentiate between different types of noise.

Some types of sounds that most people would probably think of as nice

and relaxing might well score quite highly in decibel levels.

Think of the sound made by a fountain in a town square, for example.

That's not necessarily something that we'd want to control or reduce.

So maybe researchers should consider these sorts of sounds in urban design.

This is going to be tricky, because just measuring decibel levels isn't going to help us here.

Instead, many researchers are using social science techniques, studying people's emotional response to sound by using questionnaires and so on.

So what exactly do people want to hear in an urban environment?

Some recent interdisciplinary research has come out with results that at first sight seem contradictory.

A city needs to have a sense of activity, so it needs to be lively,

with sounds like the clack of high heels on a pavement or the hiss of a coffee machine.

But these mustn't be too intrusive because at the same time we need to be able to relax.

One of the major problems in achieving this will be getting architects and town planners to use the research.

Apart from studying the basics of acoustics, these people receive very little training in this area.

But in fact, they should be regarding sound as an opportunity to add to the experience of urban living,

whereas at present they tend to see it as something to be avoided or reduced as far as possible,

or something that's just a job for engineers, like the street drainage system.

What's needed is for noise in cities to be regarded as an aesthetic quality, as something that has the qualities of an art form.

If we acknowledge this, then we urgently need to know what governs it and how designers can work with it.

We need to develop a complex understanding of many factors.

What is the relationship between sound and culture?

What can we learn from disciplines such as psychology about the way that sound interacts with human development and social relationships,

and the way that sound affects our thoughts and feelings?

Can we learn anything from physics about the nature of sound itself?

Today's powerful technologies can also help us.

To show us their ideas and help us to imagine the effect their buildings will have, architects and town planners already use virtual reality.

But these programmes are silent.

In the future, such programmes could use realistic sounds, meaning that soundscapes could be explored before being built.

So hopefully, using the best technology we can lay our hands on,

The city of the future will be a pleasure to the ears as well as the eyes.

That is the end of the listening test.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：sound, noise, acoustic, urban, decibel。這段影片共有 66 個句子、889 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:54。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 113 個詞，很適合跟讀。 86% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
relax 動詞	/ɹɪˈlæks/	鬆開 /鬆開, 放鬆 /放鬆
lecture 名詞	/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/	演講 /演講
architect 名詞	/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/	締造者 /締造者, 創造者 /創造者
researcher 名詞	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究員, 研究者
ignore 動詞	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	無視 /無視, 忽略
necessarily 副詞	/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/	必然地, 必定地
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術 /技術, 技巧
carefully 副詞	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
silent 形容詞	/ˈsaɪ̯lənt/	安靜 /安靜, 恬靜 /恬靜
awareness 名詞	/əˈwɛɹ.nəs/	意識 /意識, 覺悟 /覺悟
ear 名詞	/ˈɪə̯/	耳朵, 耳
capture 動詞	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	捕獲 /捕獲, 佔領 /佔領
designer 名詞	/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/	設計師 /設計師, 設計家 /設計家
whereas	/(h)wɛɹˈæz/	然而

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have been · they've been · has come
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	be avoided · be regarded · could be explored

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 11 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, aren't, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, sheet /ʃit/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
長單詞——注意重音位置: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, lively /ˈlaɪv.li/, govern /ˈɡʌv.ən/, pavement /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 suffer, relax, lecture 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通過影片學習英語口語

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