Pratica di Shadowing: Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture about noise in cities.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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This lecture will be about the science of acoustics, the study of sound, in relation to urban environments such as cities.
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As an acoustic engineer myself, I think this is an area where we're likely to see great changes.
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In the past, researching urban soundscapes was simple.
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We measured levels of sound in decibels.
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So I used to take my sound meter and I measured the noise somewhere.
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And then I might ask a sample of people to say at what level the sound became annoying.
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With data like this, acoustic engineers have been able to build up what we call noise maps, maps of the sound environment.
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But actually, these aren't a lot of use.
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What they do show is that the highest noise levels are generally on roads.
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Well, that's not really very surprising.
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But there's quite a lot going on that these maps don't show, because they can't capture the complex way that sound varies over time.
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So they ignore important issues such as the noise someone might hear from the open windows or gardens of their neighbours.
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And this sort of noise can be quite significant in summer.
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We don't have any databases on this sort of information.
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As well as that, these records of sound levels take no account of the fact
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that people vary in their perceptions of noise.
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So someone like me with years of working in acoustics might be very different from you in that regard.
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But anyway, even though these noise maps are fairly crude, they've been useful in providing information and raising awareness that noise matters.
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We need to deal with it, and so it's a political matter.
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And that's important.
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We need rules and regulations because noise can cause all sorts of problems.
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Those of you who are city dwellers know that things go on 24 hours a day, so city dwellers often suffer from interrupted sleep.
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It's also known
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that noise can lead to a rise in levels of stress
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due to physical changes in the body affecting the composition of the blood.
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And there are other problems as well.
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For instance, if schoolchildren don't have a quiet place to study, their work will suffer.
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Now one problem with decibel measurement is that it doesn't differentiate between different types of noise.
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Some types of sounds that most people would probably think of as nice
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and relaxing might well score quite highly in decibel levels.
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Think of the sound made by a fountain in a town square, for example.
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That's not necessarily something that we'd want to control or reduce.
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So maybe researchers should consider these sorts of sounds in urban design.
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This is going to be tricky, because just measuring decibel levels isn't going to help us here.
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Instead, many researchers are using social science techniques, studying people's emotional response to sound by using questionnaires and so on.
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So what exactly do people want to hear in an urban environment?
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Some recent interdisciplinary research has come out with results that at first sight seem contradictory.
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A city needs to have a sense of activity, so it needs to be lively,
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with sounds like the clack of high heels on a pavement or the hiss of a coffee machine.
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But these mustn't be too intrusive because at the same time we need to be able to relax.
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One of the major problems in achieving this will be getting architects and town planners to use the research.
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Apart from studying the basics of acoustics, these people receive very little training in this area.
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But in fact, they should be regarding sound as an opportunity to add to the experience of urban living,
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whereas at present they tend to see it as something to be avoided or reduced as far as possible,
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or something that's just a job for engineers, like the street drainage system.
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What's needed is for noise in cities to be regarded as an aesthetic quality, as something that has the qualities of an art form.
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If we acknowledge this, then we urgently need to know what governs it and how designers can work with it.
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We need to develop a complex understanding of many factors.
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What is the relationship between sound and culture?
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What can we learn from disciplines such as psychology about the way that sound interacts with human development and social relationships,
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and the way that sound affects our thoughts and feelings?
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Can we learn anything from physics about the nature of sound itself?
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Today's powerful technologies can also help us.
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To show us their ideas and help us to imagine the effect their buildings will have, architects and town planners already use virtual reality.
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But these programmes are silent.
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In the future, such programmes could use realistic sounds, meaning that soundscapes could be explored before being built.
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So hopefully, using the best technology we can lay our hands on,
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The city of the future will be a pleasure to the ears as well as the eyes.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Thank you.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: sound, noise, acoustic, urban, decibel. Questo video contiene 66 frasi e 889 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 7:54. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 113 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 86% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
acoustic aggettivo/əˈkuː.stɪk/acustico
suffer verbo/ˈsʌfɚ/soffrire, penare
regard sostantivo/ɹɪˈɡɑːd/riguardo, considerazione
vary verbo/ˈvɛəɹi/variare
lecture sostantivo/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/conferenza, lezione
architect sostantivo/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ideatore, ideatrice
researcher sostantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ricercatore, ricercatrice
ignore verbo/ɪɡˈnɔː/ignorare
necessarily avverbio/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/necessariamente, a tutti i costi
technique sostantivo/tɛkˈniːk/tecnica
carefully avverbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/minuziosamente, accuratamente
silent aggettivo/ˈsaɪ̯lənt/silenzioso
awareness sostantivo/əˈwɛɹ.nəs/coscienza
ear sostantivo/ˈɪə̯/orecchio, orecchia
capture verbo/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/catturare, riprendere

I phrasal verb che sentirai

ParolaSignificato
build up verboaccumulare

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

StrutturaNel video
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adessohave been · they've been · has come
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fabe avoided · be regarded · could be explored

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 11 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, aren't, can't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, sheet /ʃit/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, heel /hil/, hiss /hɪs/
  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/
  • /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, planner /ˈplænɚ/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come acoustic, suffer, regard.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →