跟读练习: Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a lecture about noise in cities.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

This lecture will be about the science of acoustics, the study of sound, in relation to urban environments such as cities.

As an acoustic engineer myself, I think this is an area where we're likely to see great changes.

In the past, researching urban soundscapes was simple.

We measured levels of sound in decibels.

So I used to take my sound meter and I measured the noise somewhere.

And then I might ask a sample of people to say at what level the sound became annoying.

With data like this, acoustic engineers have been able to build up what we call noise maps, maps of the sound environment.

But actually, these aren't a lot of use.

What they do show is that the highest noise levels are generally on roads.

Well, that's not really very surprising.

But there's quite a lot going on that these maps don't show, because they can't capture the complex way that sound varies over time.

So they ignore important issues such as the noise someone might hear from the open windows or gardens of their neighbours.

And this sort of noise can be quite significant in summer.

We don't have any databases on this sort of information.

As well as that, these records of sound levels take no account of the fact

that people vary in their perceptions of noise.

So someone like me with years of working in acoustics might be very different from you in that regard.

But anyway, even though these noise maps are fairly crude, they've been useful in providing information and raising awareness that noise matters.

We need to deal with it, and so it's a political matter.

And that's important.

We need rules and regulations because noise can cause all sorts of problems.

Those of you who are city dwellers know that things go on 24 hours a day, so city dwellers often suffer from interrupted sleep.

It's also known

that noise can lead to a rise in levels of stress

due to physical changes in the body affecting the composition of the blood.

And there are other problems as well.

For instance, if schoolchildren don't have a quiet place to study, their work will suffer.

Now one problem with decibel measurement is that it doesn't differentiate between different types of noise.

Some types of sounds that most people would probably think of as nice

and relaxing might well score quite highly in decibel levels.

Think of the sound made by a fountain in a town square, for example.

That's not necessarily something that we'd want to control or reduce.

So maybe researchers should consider these sorts of sounds in urban design.

This is going to be tricky, because just measuring decibel levels isn't going to help us here.

Instead, many researchers are using social science techniques, studying people's emotional response to sound by using questionnaires and so on.

So what exactly do people want to hear in an urban environment?

Some recent interdisciplinary research has come out with results that at first sight seem contradictory.

A city needs to have a sense of activity, so it needs to be lively,

with sounds like the clack of high heels on a pavement or the hiss of a coffee machine.

But these mustn't be too intrusive because at the same time we need to be able to relax.

One of the major problems in achieving this will be getting architects and town planners to use the research.

Apart from studying the basics of acoustics, these people receive very little training in this area.

But in fact, they should be regarding sound as an opportunity to add to the experience of urban living,

whereas at present they tend to see it as something to be avoided or reduced as far as possible,

or something that's just a job for engineers, like the street drainage system.

What's needed is for noise in cities to be regarded as an aesthetic quality, as something that has the qualities of an art form.

If we acknowledge this, then we urgently need to know what governs it and how designers can work with it.

We need to develop a complex understanding of many factors.

What is the relationship between sound and culture?

What can we learn from disciplines such as psychology about the way that sound interacts with human development and social relationships,

and the way that sound affects our thoughts and feelings?

Can we learn anything from physics about the nature of sound itself?

Today's powerful technologies can also help us.

To show us their ideas and help us to imagine the effect their buildings will have, architects and town planners already use virtual reality.

But these programmes are silent.

In the future, such programmes could use realistic sounds, meaning that soundscapes could be explored before being built.

So hopefully, using the best technology we can lay our hands on,

The city of the future will be a pleasure to the ears as well as the eyes.

That is the end of the listening test.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

Thank you.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：sound, noise, acoustic, urban, decibel。这段视频共有 66 个句子、889 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 7:54。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 113 个词，很适合跟读。 86% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
suffer 动词	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
relax 动词	/ɹɪˈlæks/	鬆開 /松开, 放鬆 /放松
lecture 名词	/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/	演講 /演讲
architect 名词	/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/	締造者 /缔造者, 創造者 /创造者
researcher 名词	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究员, 研究者
ignore 动词	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	無視 /无视, 忽略
necessarily 副词	/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/	必然地, 必定地
technique 名词	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術 /技术, 技巧
carefully 副词	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
silent 形容词	/ˈsaɪ̯lənt/	安靜 /安静, 恬靜 /恬静
awareness 名词	/əˈwɛɹ.nəs/	意識 /意识, 覺悟 /觉悟
ear 名词	/ˈɪə̯/	耳朵, 耳
capture 动词	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	捕獲 /捕获, 佔領 /占领
designer 名词	/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/	設計師 /设计师, 設計家 /设计家
whereas	/(h)wɛɹˈæz/	然而

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have been · they've been · has come
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	be avoided · be regarded · could be explored

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 11 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, aren't, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, sheet /ʃit/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
长单词——注意重音位置: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, lively /ˈlaɪv.li/, govern /ˈɡʌv.ən/, pavement /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 suffer, relax, lecture 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通过视频学习英语口语

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