跟读练习: Cambridge 15 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Part 4.

You will hear a student giving a presentation about a type of tree known as the eucalyptus, which is common in Australia.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Today, I'm going to talk about the eucalyptus tree.

This is a very common tree here in Australia, where it's also sometimes called the gum tree.

First, I'm going to talk about why it's important, then I'm going to describe some problems it faces at present.

Right, well, the eucalyptus tree is an important tree for lots of reasons.

For example, it gives shelter to creatures like birds and bats,

and these and other species also depend on it for food,

particularly the nectar from its flowers. So it supports biodiversity.

It's useful to us humans too because we can kill germs with a disinfectant made from oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves.

The eucalyptus grows all over Australia and the trees can live for up to 400 years.

So it's alarming that all across the country numbers of eucalyptus are falling because the trees are dying off prematurely.

So what are the reasons for this?

One possible reason is disease.

As far back as the 1970s, the trees started getting a disease called mundula yellows.

The tree's leaves would gradually turn yellow, then the tree would die.

It wasn't until 2004 that they found the cause of the problem was lime,

or calcium hydroxide to give it its proper chemical name, which was being used in the construction of roads.

The lime was being washed away into the ground and affecting the roots of the eucalyptus trees nearby

What it was doing was preventing the trees from sucking up the iron they needed for healthy growth

When this was injected back into the affected trees they immediately recovered

But this problem only affected a relatively small number of trees By 2000,

huge numbers of eucalyptus were dying along Australia's east coast of

a disease known as bell minor -associated dieback The bell minor is a bird

and the disease seems to be common where there are high populations of bell minors Again,

it's the leaves of the trees that are affected What happens is

that insects settle on the leaves and eat their way round them, destroying them as they go, and at the same time,

they secrete a solution which has sugar in it.

The bell miner birds really like this solution, and in order to get as much as possible,

they keep away other creatures that might try to get it.

So these birds and insects flourish at the expense of other species,

and eventually so much damage is done to the leaves that the tree dies.

But experts say that trees can start looking sick before any sign of bell minor -associated dieback.

So it looks as if the problem might have another explanation.

One possibility is that it's to do with the huge bushfires that we have in Australia.

A theory proposed over 40 years ago by ecologist William Jackson is

that the frequency of bushfires in a particular region affects the type of vegetation that grows there.

If there are very frequent bushfires in a region, this encourages grass to grow afterwards,

while if the bushfires are rather less frequent, this results in the growth of eucalyptus forests.

So why is this?

Why do fairly frequent bushfires actually support the growth of eucalyptus?

Well, one reason is that the fire stops the growth of other species which would consume water needed by eucalyptus trees. And there's another reason.

If these other quick -growing species of bushes and plants are allowed to proliferate,

they harm the eucalyptus in another way by affecting the composition of the soil and removing nutrients from it.

So some bushfires are actually essential for the eucalyptus to survive as long as they are not too frequent. In fact, there's evidence

that Australia's indigenous people practised regular burning of bushland for thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans.

But since Europeans arrived on the continent, the number of bushfires has been strictly controlled.

Now, scientists believe that this reduced frequency of bushfires to low levels has led to what's known as dry rainforest,

which seems an odd name as usually we associate tropical rainforest with wet conditions.

And what's special about this type of rainforest?

Well, unlike tropical rainforest, which is a rich ecosystem,

this type of ecosystem is usually a simple one It has very thick,

dense vegetation, but not much variety of species The vegetation provides lots of shade

So one species that does find it ideal is the bell miner bird,

which builds its nests in the undergrowth there But again, that's not helpful for the eucalyptus tree.

That is the end of part four.

You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.

Thank you.

That is the end of the listening test.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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FOR YOU

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“Cambridge 15 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：tree, eucalyptus, bushfires, bell, species。这段视频共有 63 个句子、845 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 9:04。说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 93 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
leaf 名词	/lif/	еезы, еер
frequent 形容词	/ˈfɹiː.kwənt/	頻繁 /频繁
associate 名词	/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/	同行, 同事
vegetation 名词	/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/	植被, 草木
frequency 名词	/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/	頻率 /频率, 頻度 /频度
tropical 形容词	/ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/	熱帶 /热带, 回歸線 /回归线
lime 名词	/laɪm/	萊檬 /莱檬, 萊姆 /莱姆
ecosystem 名词	/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/	生態系 /生态系, 生態系統 /生态系统
insect 名词	/ˈɪn.sɛkt/	昆蟲 /昆虫, 蟲子 /虫子
miner 名词	/ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/	礦工 /矿工, 礦夫 /矿夫
harm 名词	/hɑːm/	損害 /损害
carefully 副词	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
thick 形容词	/θɪk/	ху, 厚
wash 动词	/wɑʃ/	洗, 洗滌 /洗涤
encourage 动词	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	鼓勵 /鼓励, 激勵 /激励

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	being washed · was injected · are affected
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	eucalyptus, which is · name, which was · solution which has
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has been · has led

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 4 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'm, wasn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: thick /θɪk/, undergrowth /ˈʌndɚˌɡɹoʊθ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, wash /wɑʃ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/
长单词——注意重音位置: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, arrival /əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: leaf /lif/, frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, insect /ˈɪn.sɛkt/, thick /θɪk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, arrival /əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/, alarm /əˈlɑɹm/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 leaf, frequent, associate 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

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