Prática de Shadowing: Cambridge 15 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Part 4.
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You will hear a student giving a presentation about a type of tree known as the eucalyptus, which is common in Australia.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Today, I'm going to talk about the eucalyptus tree.
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This is a very common tree here in Australia, where it's also sometimes called the gum tree.
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First, I'm going to talk about why it's important, then I'm going to describe some problems it faces at present.
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Right, well, the eucalyptus tree is an important tree for lots of reasons.
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For example, it gives shelter to creatures like birds and bats,
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and these and other species also depend on it for food,
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particularly the nectar from its flowers. So it supports biodiversity.
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It's useful to us humans too because we can kill germs with a disinfectant made from oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves.
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The eucalyptus grows all over Australia and the trees can live for up to 400 years.
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So it's alarming that all across the country numbers of eucalyptus are falling because the trees are dying off prematurely.
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So what are the reasons for this?
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One possible reason is disease.
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As far back as the 1970s, the trees started getting a disease called mundula yellows.
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The tree's leaves would gradually turn yellow, then the tree would die.
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It wasn't until 2004 that they found the cause of the problem was lime,
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or calcium hydroxide to give it its proper chemical name, which was being used in the construction of roads.
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The lime was being washed away into the ground and affecting the roots of the eucalyptus trees nearby
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What it was doing was preventing the trees from sucking up the iron they needed for healthy growth
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When this was injected back into the affected trees they immediately recovered
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But this problem only affected a relatively small number of trees By 2000,
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huge numbers of eucalyptus were dying along Australia's east coast of
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a disease known as bell minor -associated dieback The bell minor is a bird
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and the disease seems to be common where there are high populations of bell minors Again,
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it's the leaves of the trees that are affected What happens is
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that insects settle on the leaves and eat their way round them, destroying them as they go, and at the same time,
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they secrete a solution which has sugar in it.
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The bell miner birds really like this solution, and in order to get as much as possible,
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they keep away other creatures that might try to get it.
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So these birds and insects flourish at the expense of other species,
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and eventually so much damage is done to the leaves that the tree dies.
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But experts say that trees can start looking sick before any sign of bell minor -associated dieback.
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So it looks as if the problem might have another explanation.
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One possibility is that it's to do with the huge bushfires that we have in Australia.
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A theory proposed over 40 years ago by ecologist William Jackson is
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that the frequency of bushfires in a particular region affects the type of vegetation that grows there.
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If there are very frequent bushfires in a region, this encourages grass to grow afterwards,
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while if the bushfires are rather less frequent, this results in the growth of eucalyptus forests.
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So why is this?
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Why do fairly frequent bushfires actually support the growth of eucalyptus?
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Well, one reason is that the fire stops the growth of other species which would consume water needed by eucalyptus trees. And there's another reason.
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If these other quick -growing species of bushes and plants are allowed to proliferate,
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they harm the eucalyptus in another way by affecting the composition of the soil and removing nutrients from it.
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So some bushfires are actually essential for the eucalyptus to survive as long as they are not too frequent. In fact, there's evidence
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that Australia's indigenous people practised regular burning of bushland for thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans.
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But since Europeans arrived on the continent, the number of bushfires has been strictly controlled.
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Now, scientists believe that this reduced frequency of bushfires to low levels has led to what's known as dry rainforest,
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which seems an odd name as usually we associate tropical rainforest with wet conditions.
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And what's special about this type of rainforest?
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Well, unlike tropical rainforest, which is a rich ecosystem,
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this type of ecosystem is usually a simple one It has very thick,
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dense vegetation, but not much variety of species The vegetation provides lots of shade
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So one species that does find it ideal is the bell miner bird,
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which builds its nests in the undergrowth there But again, that's not helpful for the eucalyptus tree.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Cambridge 15 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. As palavras que mais se repetem: tree, eucalyptus, bushfires, bell, species. Este vídeo tem 63 frases e 845 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:04. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 93 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
leaf substantivo/lif/folha
frequent adjetivo/ˈfɹiː.kwənt/freqüente, frequente
associate substantivo/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/associado
vegetation substantivo/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/vegetação
frequency substantivo/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/frequência
tropical adjetivo/ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/tropical
lime substantivo/laɪm/lima, limão
ecosystem substantivo/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ecossistema
insect substantivo/ˈɪn.sɛkt/inseto
miner substantivo/ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/mineiro
harm substantivo/hɑːm/dano, mal
carefully advérbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/cuidadosamente, cautelosamente
thick adjetivo/θɪk/espesso, grosso
wash verbo/wɑʃ/lavar
encourage verbo/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/encorajar, incentivar

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazbeing washed · was injected · are affected
Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisaeucalyptus, which is · name, which was · solution which has
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahas been · has led

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 4 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, wasn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

  • Os sons de “th”: thick /θɪk/, undergrowth /ˈʌndɚˌɡɹoʊθ/
  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, wash /wɑʃ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, insect /ˈɪn.sɛkt/, thick /θɪk/, suck /sʌk/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, ideal /aɪˈdi(ə)l/, soil /sɔɪl/, settle /ˈsɛtəl/
  • /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: harm /hɑːm/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hydroxide /haɪˈdɹɒks.aɪd/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como leaf, frequent, associate.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →