Prática de Shadowing: ielts listening cam 15 test 1 part 4 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Part four.
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You will hear a student giving a presentation about a type of tree known as the eucalyptus, which is common in Australia.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Today, I'm going to talk about the eucalyptus tree.
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This is a very common tree here in Australia, where it's also sometimes called the gum tree.
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First, I'm going to talk about why it's important.
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Then I'm going to describe some problems it faces at present.
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Right, well, the eucalyptus tree is an important tree for lots of reasons.
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For example, it gives shelter to creatures like birds and bats.
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And these and other species also depend on it for food, particularly the nectar from its flowers.
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So, it supports biodiversity.
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It's useful to us humans too,
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because we can kill germs with a disinfectant made from oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves.
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The eucalyptus grows all over Australia, and the trees can live for up to 400 years
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so it's alarming that all across the country numbers of eucalyptus are falling
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because the trees are dying off prematurely
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so what are the reasons for this one possible reason is
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disease as far back as the 1970s the trees started getting
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a disease called mundula yellows the tree's leaves would gradually turn
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yellow then the tree would die it wasn't until 2004
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that they found the cause of the problem was lime
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or calcium hydroxide to give it its proper chemical name
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which was being used in the construction of roads the lime was being washed away into the ground
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and affecting the roots of the eucalyptus trees nearby What it
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was doing was preventing the trees from sucking up the iron they needed for healthy growth.
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When this was injected back into the affected trees, they immediately recovered.
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But this problem only affected a relatively small number of trees.
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By 2000, huge numbers of eucalyptus were dying along Australia's east coast of a disease known as bell miner -associated dieback.
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The bell miner is a bird, and the disease seems to be common where there are high populations of bell miners.
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Again, it's the leaves of the trees that are affected.
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What happens is that insects settle on the leaves and eat their way round them, destroying them as they go,
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and at the same time they secrete a solution which has sugar in it.
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The bell miner birds really like this solution
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and in order to get as much as possible they keep away other creatures that might try to get it.
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So these birds and insects flourish at the expense of other species
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and eventually so much damage is done to the leaves that the tree dies.
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Thank you.
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but experts say that trees can start looking sick before any sign of bell minor associated dieback
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so it looks as if the problem might have another explanation one possibility is
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that it's to do with the huge bushfires
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that we have in australia a theory proposed over 40 years ago by ecologist William Jackson is
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that the frequency of bushfires in a particular region affects the type of vegetation that grows there.
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If there are very frequent bushfires in a region, this encourages grass to grow afterwards,
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while if the bushfires are rather less frequent, this results in the growth of eucalyptus forests.
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So why is this?
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Why do fairly frequent bushfires actually support the growth of eucalyptus?
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Well, one reason is that the fire stops the growth of other species which would consume water needed by eucalyptus trees. And there's another reason.
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If these other quick -growing species of bushes and plants are allowed to proliferate,
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they harm the eucalyptus in another way by affecting the composition of the soil and removing nutrients from it.
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So some bushfires are actually essential for the eucalyptus to survive as long as they are not too frequent.
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In fact, there's evidence
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that Australia's indigenous people practiced regular burning of bushland for thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans
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but since Europeans arrived on the continent the number of bushfires has been strictly controlled now scientists believe
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that this reduced frequency of bushfires to low levels has led to what's known as dry rainforest
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which seems an odd name as usually we associate tropical rainforest with wet conditions.
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And what's special about this type of rainforest?
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Well, unlike tropical rainforest, which is a rich ecosystem, this type of ecosystem is usually a simple one.
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It has very thick, dense vegetation, but not much variety of species.
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The vegetation provides lots of shade.
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So one species that does find it ideal is the bell minor bird
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which builds its nests in the undergrowth there
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but again that's not helpful for the eucalyptus tree that is the end of part four
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you now have one minute to check your answers to part four
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “ielts listening cam 15 test 1 part 4”. As palavras que mais se repetem: tree, eucalyptus, bushfires, bell, species. Este vídeo tem 65 frases e 821 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:54. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 104 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| eucalyptus substantivo | /ˌjuː.kəˈlɪp.təs/ | eucalipto |
| rainforest substantivo | /ˈɹeɪn.fɔɹ.ɪst/ | floresta tropical, floresta húmida |
| miner substantivo | /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/ | mineiro |
| vegetation substantivo | /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/ | vegetação |
| insect substantivo | /ˈɪn.sɛkt/ | inseto |
| ecosystem substantivo | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | ecossistema |
| lime substantivo | /laɪm/ | lima, limão |
| tropical adjetivo | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | tropical |
| biodiversity substantivo | /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ | biodiversidade |
| disinfectant substantivo | /dɪs.ɪnˈfɛktənt/ | desinfetante |
| ecologist substantivo | /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ | ecologista, ecólogo |
| hydroxide substantivo | /haɪˈdɹɒks.aɪd/ | hidróxido |
| inject verbo | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ | injetar |
| nectar substantivo | /ˈnɛk.təɹ/ | néctar, néctar dos deuses |
| prematurely advérbio | /ˌpɹiːməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/ | prematuramente |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | being washed · was injected · are affected |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | eucalyptus, which is · solution which has · rainforest, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has been · has led |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 4 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, wasn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, shade /ʃeɪd/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: eucalyptus /ˌjuː.kəˈlɪp.təs/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, disinfectant /dɪs.ɪnˈfɛktənt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como eucalyptus, rainforest, miner.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.