Prática de Shadowing: Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture about noise in cities.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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This lecture will be about the science of acoustics, the study of sound, in relation to urban environments such as cities.
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As an acoustic engineer myself, I think this is an area where we're likely to see great changes.
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In the past, researching urban soundscapes was simple.
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We measured levels of sound in decibels.
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So I used to take my sound meter and I measured the noise somewhere.
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And then I might ask a sample of people to say at what level the sound became annoying.
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With data like this, acoustic engineers have been able to build up what we call noise maps, maps of the sound environment.
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But actually, these aren't a lot of use.
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What they do show is that the highest noise levels are generally on roads.
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Well, that's not really very surprising.
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But there's quite a lot going on that these maps don't show, because they can't capture the complex way that sound varies over time.
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So they ignore important issues such as the noise someone might hear from the open windows or gardens of their neighbours.
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And this sort of noise can be quite significant in summer.
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We don't have any databases on this sort of information.
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As well as that, these records of sound levels take no account of the fact
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that people vary in their perceptions of noise.
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So someone like me with years of working in acoustics might be very different from you in that regard.
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But anyway, even though these noise maps are fairly crude, they've been useful in providing information and raising awareness that noise matters.
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We need to deal with it, and so it's a political matter.
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And that's important.
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We need rules and regulations because noise can cause all sorts of problems.
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Those of you who are city dwellers know that things go on 24 hours a day, so city dwellers often suffer from interrupted sleep.
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It's also known
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that noise can lead to a rise in levels of stress
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due to physical changes in the body affecting the composition of the blood.
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And there are other problems as well.
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For instance, if schoolchildren don't have a quiet place to study, their work will suffer.
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Now one problem with decibel measurement is that it doesn't differentiate between different types of noise.
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Some types of sounds that most people would probably think of as nice
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and relaxing might well score quite highly in decibel levels.
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Think of the sound made by a fountain in a town square, for example.
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That's not necessarily something that we'd want to control or reduce.
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So maybe researchers should consider these sorts of sounds in urban design.
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This is going to be tricky, because just measuring decibel levels isn't going to help us here.
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Instead, many researchers are using social science techniques, studying people's emotional response to sound by using questionnaires and so on.
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So what exactly do people want to hear in an urban environment?
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Some recent interdisciplinary research has come out with results that at first sight seem contradictory.
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A city needs to have a sense of activity, so it needs to be lively,
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with sounds like the clack of high heels on a pavement or the hiss of a coffee machine.
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But these mustn't be too intrusive because at the same time we need to be able to relax.
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One of the major problems in achieving this will be getting architects and town planners to use the research.
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Apart from studying the basics of acoustics, these people receive very little training in this area.
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But in fact, they should be regarding sound as an opportunity to add to the experience of urban living,
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whereas at present they tend to see it as something to be avoided or reduced as far as possible,
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or something that's just a job for engineers, like the street drainage system.
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What's needed is for noise in cities to be regarded as an aesthetic quality, as something that has the qualities of an art form.
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If we acknowledge this, then we urgently need to know what governs it and how designers can work with it.
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We need to develop a complex understanding of many factors.
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What is the relationship between sound and culture?
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What can we learn from disciplines such as psychology about the way that sound interacts with human development and social relationships,
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and the way that sound affects our thoughts and feelings?
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Can we learn anything from physics about the nature of sound itself?
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Today's powerful technologies can also help us.
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To show us their ideas and help us to imagine the effect their buildings will have, architects and town planners already use virtual reality.
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But these programmes are silent.
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In the future, such programmes could use realistic sounds, meaning that soundscapes could be explored before being built.
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So hopefully, using the best technology we can lay our hands on,
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The city of the future will be a pleasure to the ears as well as the eyes.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Thank you.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Cambridge 13 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. As palavras que mais se repetem: sound, noise, acoustic, urban, decibel. Este vídeo tem 66 frases e 889 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:54. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 113 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
acoustic adjetivo/əˈkuː.stɪk/acústico
suffer verbo/ˈsʌfɚ/sofrer
regard substantivo/ɹɪˈɡɑːd/consideração
relax verbo/ɹɪˈlæks/soltar, afrouxar
vary verbo/ˈvɛəɹi/variar
lecture substantivo/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/conferência, palestra
architect substantivo/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/arquiteto, arquiteta
researcher substantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/pesquisador, pesquisadora
planner substantivo/ˈplænɚ/agenda
ignore verbo/ɪɡˈnɔː/ignorar
necessarily advérbio/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/necessariamente
technique substantivo/tɛkˈniːk/técnica
carefully advérbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/cuidadosamente, cautelosamente
silent adjetivo/ˈsaɪ̯lənt/silencioso
awareness substantivo/əˈwɛɹ.nəs/consciência

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahave been · they've been · has come
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazbe avoided · be regarded · could be explored

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 11 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, aren't, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, sheet /ʃit/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/, silent /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, heel /hil/, decibel /ˈdɛsɪbɛl/
  • /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, heel /hil/, hiss /hɪs/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como acoustic, suffer, regard.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →