Практика Shadowing: Cambridge 15 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Part 4.
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You will hear a student giving a presentation about a type of tree known as the eucalyptus, which is common in Australia.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Today, I'm going to talk about the eucalyptus tree.
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This is a very common tree here in Australia, where it's also sometimes called the gum tree.
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First, I'm going to talk about why it's important, then I'm going to describe some problems it faces at present.
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Right, well, the eucalyptus tree is an important tree for lots of reasons.
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For example, it gives shelter to creatures like birds and bats,
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and these and other species also depend on it for food,
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particularly the nectar from its flowers. So it supports biodiversity.
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It's useful to us humans too because we can kill germs with a disinfectant made from oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves.
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The eucalyptus grows all over Australia and the trees can live for up to 400 years.
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So it's alarming that all across the country numbers of eucalyptus are falling because the trees are dying off prematurely.
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So what are the reasons for this?
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One possible reason is disease.
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As far back as the 1970s, the trees started getting a disease called mundula yellows.
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The tree's leaves would gradually turn yellow, then the tree would die.
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It wasn't until 2004 that they found the cause of the problem was lime,
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or calcium hydroxide to give it its proper chemical name, which was being used in the construction of roads.
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The lime was being washed away into the ground and affecting the roots of the eucalyptus trees nearby
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What it was doing was preventing the trees from sucking up the iron they needed for healthy growth
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When this was injected back into the affected trees they immediately recovered
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But this problem only affected a relatively small number of trees By 2000,
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huge numbers of eucalyptus were dying along Australia's east coast of
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a disease known as bell minor -associated dieback The bell minor is a bird
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and the disease seems to be common where there are high populations of bell minors Again,
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it's the leaves of the trees that are affected What happens is
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that insects settle on the leaves and eat their way round them, destroying them as they go, and at the same time,
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they secrete a solution which has sugar in it.
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The bell miner birds really like this solution, and in order to get as much as possible,
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they keep away other creatures that might try to get it.
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So these birds and insects flourish at the expense of other species,
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and eventually so much damage is done to the leaves that the tree dies.
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But experts say that trees can start looking sick before any sign of bell minor -associated dieback.
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So it looks as if the problem might have another explanation.
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One possibility is that it's to do with the huge bushfires that we have in Australia.
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A theory proposed over 40 years ago by ecologist William Jackson is
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that the frequency of bushfires in a particular region affects the type of vegetation that grows there.
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If there are very frequent bushfires in a region, this encourages grass to grow afterwards,
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while if the bushfires are rather less frequent, this results in the growth of eucalyptus forests.
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So why is this?
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Why do fairly frequent bushfires actually support the growth of eucalyptus?
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Well, one reason is that the fire stops the growth of other species which would consume water needed by eucalyptus trees. And there's another reason.
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If these other quick -growing species of bushes and plants are allowed to proliferate,
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they harm the eucalyptus in another way by affecting the composition of the soil and removing nutrients from it.
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So some bushfires are actually essential for the eucalyptus to survive as long as they are not too frequent. In fact, there's evidence
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that Australia's indigenous people practised regular burning of bushland for thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans.
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But since Europeans arrived on the continent, the number of bushfires has been strictly controlled.
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Now, scientists believe that this reduced frequency of bushfires to low levels has led to what's known as dry rainforest,
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which seems an odd name as usually we associate tropical rainforest with wet conditions.
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And what's special about this type of rainforest?
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Well, unlike tropical rainforest, which is a rich ecosystem,
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this type of ecosystem is usually a simple one It has very thick,
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dense vegetation, but not much variety of species The vegetation provides lots of shade
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So one species that does find it ideal is the bell miner bird,
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which builds its nests in the undergrowth there But again, that's not helpful for the eucalyptus tree.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Cambridge 15 Test 1 Section 4 Listening». Чаще всего повторяются слова: tree, eucalyptus, bushfires, bell, species. В этом видео 63 предложений и 845 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 9:04. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 93 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. 83% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

СловоПроизношениеЗначение
leaf существительное/lif/лист, ли́стья
frequent прилагательное/ˈfɹiː.kwənt/ча́стый
associate существительное/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/партнёр, партнёрша
vegetation существительное/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/расти́тельность
frequency существительное/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/частота́
tropical прилагательное/ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/тропи́ческий
lime существительное/laɪm/лайм, ла́йма
ecosystem существительное/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/экосисте́ма
insect существительное/ˈɪn.sɛkt/насеко́мое, бука́шка
miner существительное/ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/шахтёр, горня́к
harm существительное/hɑːm/вред, уще́рб
carefully наречие/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/осторо́жно, аккура́тно
thick прилагательное/θɪk/то́лстый
wash глагол/wɑʃ/мыть, помы́ть
encourage глагол/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ободря́ть, обо́дрить

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетbeing washed · was injected · are affected
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предметеeucalyptus, which is · name, which was · solution which has
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчасhas been · has led

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 4 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, wasn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

  • Звуки «th»: thick /θɪk/, undergrowth /ˈʌndɚˌɡɹoʊθ/
  • Звуки «sh» и «zh»: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, wash /wɑʃ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/
  • Длинные слова — следите за ударением: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

  • /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/, frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/, wash /wɑʃ/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/
  • /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: harm /hɑːm/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hydroxide /haɪˈdɹɒks.aɪd/
  • Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, shade /ʃeɪd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

  1. Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
  2. Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
  3. Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как leaf, frequent, associate.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →