跟读练习: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.

Today I'm going to talk about four of them.

Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.

Most people would say they're all good things.

I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.

Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.

They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,

but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.

The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.

OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.

Let me give you an example.

On a management training course I once attended,

we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.

The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.

This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person.

The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.

Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.

She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,

and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.

We finished before any other team.

My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.

In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,

and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.

The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.

The result was that it met the needs of neither group.

It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.

Now, industriousness or hard work.

It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.

After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.

Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,

otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.

There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.

Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.

Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.

It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.

Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.

They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.

They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.

Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.

Next, we come to creativity.

This often works well.

Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.

But it isn't always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.

This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.

Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.

The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,

but it may be too creative.

and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem

that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing

and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.

In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.

A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,

with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.

The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,

while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.

Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.

Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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FOR YOU

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：product, value, excellence, companies, creativity。这段视频共有 73 个句子、931 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 8:45。说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 106 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
excellence 名词	/ˈɛksələns/	卓越
lazy 形容词	/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/	懶 /懒, 懶惰 /懒惰
creativity 名词	/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/	創造力 /创造力, 創造性 /创造性
solve 动词	/sɒlv/	解決 /解决
collaboration 名词	/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/	合作, 協作 /协作
intend 动词	/ɪnˈtɛnd/	打算, 想要
pioneer 名词	/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/	開拓者 /开拓者, 先驅者 /先驱者
follower 名词	/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/	追隨者 /追随者
necessarily 副词	/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/	必然地, 必定地
rush 动词	/ɹʌʃ/	急速去, 急速做
carefully 副词	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
compare 动词	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比较
encourage 动词	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	鼓勵 /鼓励, 激勵 /激励
nowhere 副词	/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/	無處 /无处
sheet 名词	/ʃit/	篇, 張 /张

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
come up with 动词		想出, 提出
carry out 动词	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	進行 /进行

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	were put · was intended · wasn't really suited
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	damage, which is · people who say · those who are

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'm, isn't, they're。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
长单词——注意重音位置: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: excellence /ˈɛksələns/, solve /sɒlv/, intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 excellence, lazy, creativity 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 通过视频学习英语口语

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