跟读练习: Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Part 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture on the early history of keeping clean.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Nowadays we use different products for personal cleanliness, laundry, dishwashing and household cleaning,
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but this is very much a 20th century development.
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The origins of cleanliness date back to prehistoric times.
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Since water is essential for life, the earliest people lived near water and knew something about its cleansing properties,
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at least that it rinsed mud off their hands.
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During the excavation of ancient Babylon,
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evidence was found that soap-making was known as early as 2800 BC.
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Archaeologists discovered cylinders made of clay, with inscriptions on them saying that fats were boiled with ashes.
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This is a method of making soap, though there's no reference to the purpose of this material.
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The early Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons and apparently didn't use soap.
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Instead, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of sand, pumice and ashes, then anointed themselves with oil,
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and scraped off the oil and dirt with a metal instrument known as a strigil.
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They also used oil mixed with ashes.
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Clothes were washed without soap in streams.
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The ancient Germans
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and Gauls are also credited with discovering how to make a substance called soap made of melted animal fat and ashes.
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They used this mixture to tint their hair red.
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Soap got its name, according to an ancient Roman legend, from Mount Sappo, where animals were sacrificed,
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leaving deposits of animal fat.
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Rain washed these deposits, along with wood ashes, down into the clay soil along the River Tiber.
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Women found that this mixture greatly reduced the effort required to wash their clothes.
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As Roman civilization advanced, so did bathing.
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The first of the famous Roman baths, supplied with water from their aqueducts, was built around 312 BC.
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The baths were luxurious, and bathing became very popular.
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And by the second century AD, the Greek physician Galen recommended soap for both medicinal and cleansing purposes.
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After the fall of Rome in 467 AD and the resulting decline in bathing habits,
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much of Europe felt the impact of filth on public health.
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This lack of personal cleanliness and related unsanitary living conditions were major factors in the outbreaks of disease in the Middle Ages,
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and especially the Black Death of the 14th century.
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Nevertheless, soap-making became an established craft in Europe, and associations of soap-makers guarded their trade secrets closely.
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Vegetable and animal oils were used with ashes of plants, along with perfume, apparently for the first time.
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Gradually, more varieties of soap became available for shaving and shampooing, as well as bathing and laundering.
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A major step toward large-scale commercial soap-making occurred in 1791, when a French chemist, Nicolas Leblanc,
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patented a process for turning salt into soda ash, or sodium carbonate.
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Soda ash is the alkali obtained from ashes that combines with fat to form soap.
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The Leblanc process yielded quantities of good quality, inexpensive soda ash.
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Modern soap-making was born some twenty years later, in the early nineteenth century, with a discovery by Michel-Eugène Chevrol,
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another French chemist, of the chemical nature and relationship of fats, glycerine, and fatty acids.
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His studies established the basis for both fat and soap chemistry, and soap making became a science.
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Further developments during the 19th century made it easier and cheaper to manufacture soap.
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Until the 19th century, soap was regarded as a luxury item, and was heavily taxed in several countries.
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As it became more readily available, it became an everyday necessity, a development that was reinforced when the high tax was removed.
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Soap was then something ordinary people could afford, and cleanliness standards improved.
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With this widespread use came the development of milder soaps for bathing
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and soaps for use in the washing machines that were available to consumers by the turn of the 20th century.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：soap, ashes, century, fat, became。 这段视频共有 55 个句子、701 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:45。 说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 91 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 只有 73% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
cleanliness 名词/ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/清潔 /清洁
soda 名词/ˈsoʊdə/蘇打 /苏打, 碳酸鈉 /碳酸钠
cleanse 动词/klɛnz/清洗
chemist 名词/ˈkɛmɪst/化學家 /化学家
cloth 名词/klɒθ/布, 布料
alkali 名词/ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/鹼 /碱
anoint 动词/əˈnɔɪnt/塗油於 /涂油于, 涂油于
aqueduct 名词/ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/水渠
archaeologist 名词/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/考古學家 /考古学家
carbonate 名词/ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/碳酸鹽 /碳酸盐
glycerine 名词/ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/甘油, 丙三醇
launder 动词/ˈlɔndɚ/洗
prehistoric 形容词/ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/史前的
pumice 名词/ˈpʌm.ɪs/浮石, 浮岩
scrape 动词/skɹeɪp/刮, 擦

需要注意的发音

  • “th” 音: cloth /klɒθ/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/
  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, inscription /ɪnˈskɹɪpʃən/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, shampoo /ʃæmˈpuː/, shave /ˈʃeɪ̯v/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, prehistoric /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/, medicinal /məˈdɪ.sɪ.nəl/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

  • /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, shave /ˈʃeɪ̯v/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
  • 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: cleanliness /ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/, cleanse /klɛnz/, chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/, cloth /klɒθ/, anoint /əˈnɔɪnt/
  • /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, glycerine /ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, readily /ˈɹɛdɪli/, laundry /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 cleanliness, soda, cleanse 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →