跟讀練習: Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Part 4.

You will hear part of a lecture on the early history of keeping clean.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Nowadays we use different products for personal cleanliness, laundry, dishwashing and household cleaning,

but this is very much a 20th century development.

The origins of cleanliness date back to prehistoric times.

Since water is essential for life, the earliest people lived near water and knew something about its cleansing properties,

at least that it rinsed mud off their hands.

During the excavation of ancient Babylon,

evidence was found that soap-making was known as early as 2800 BC.

Archaeologists discovered cylinders made of clay, with inscriptions on them saying that fats were boiled with ashes.

This is a method of making soap, though there's no reference to the purpose of this material.

The early Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons and apparently didn't use soap.

Instead, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of sand, pumice and ashes, then anointed themselves with oil,

and scraped off the oil and dirt with a metal instrument known as a strigil.

They also used oil mixed with ashes.

Clothes were washed without soap in streams.

The ancient Germans

and Gauls are also credited with discovering how to make a substance called soap made of melted animal fat and ashes.

They used this mixture to tint their hair red.

Soap got its name, according to an ancient Roman legend, from Mount Sappo, where animals were sacrificed,

leaving deposits of animal fat.

Rain washed these deposits, along with wood ashes, down into the clay soil along the River Tiber.

Women found that this mixture greatly reduced the effort required to wash their clothes.

As Roman civilization advanced, so did bathing.

The first of the famous Roman baths, supplied with water from their aqueducts, was built around 312 BC.

The baths were luxurious, and bathing became very popular.

And by the second century AD, the Greek physician Galen recommended soap for both medicinal and cleansing purposes.

After the fall of Rome in 467 AD and the resulting decline in bathing habits,

much of Europe felt the impact of filth on public health.

This lack of personal cleanliness and related unsanitary living conditions were major factors in the outbreaks of disease in the Middle Ages,

and especially the Black Death of the 14th century.

Nevertheless, soap-making became an established craft in Europe, and associations of soap-makers guarded their trade secrets closely.

Vegetable and animal oils were used with ashes of plants, along with perfume, apparently for the first time.

Gradually, more varieties of soap became available for shaving and shampooing, as well as bathing and laundering.

A major step toward large-scale commercial soap-making occurred in 1791, when a French chemist, Nicolas Leblanc,

patented a process for turning salt into soda ash, or sodium carbonate.

Soda ash is the alkali obtained from ashes that combines with fat to form soap.

The Leblanc process yielded quantities of good quality, inexpensive soda ash.

Modern soap-making was born some twenty years later, in the early nineteenth century, with a discovery by Michel-Eugène Chevrol,

another French chemist, of the chemical nature and relationship of fats, glycerine, and fatty acids.

His studies established the basis for both fat and soap chemistry, and soap making became a science.

Further developments during the 19th century made it easier and cheaper to manufacture soap.

Until the 19th century, soap was regarded as a luxury item, and was heavily taxed in several countries.

As it became more readily available, it became an everyday necessity, a development that was reinforced when the high tax was removed.

Soap was then something ordinary people could afford, and cleanliness standards improved.

With this widespread use came the development of milder soaps for bathing

and soaps for use in the washing machines that were available to consumers by the turn of the 20th century.

That is the end of Part 4.

You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.

Thank you.

That is the end of the listening test.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：soap, ashes, century, fat, became。這段影片共有 55 個句子、701 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:45。說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 91 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。只有 73% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
cleanliness 名詞	/ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/	清潔 /清潔
soda 名詞	/ˈsoʊdə/	蘇打 /蘇打, 碳酸鈉 /碳酸鈉
cleanse 動詞	/klɛnz/	清洗
chemist 名詞	/ˈkɛmɪst/	化學家 /化學家
cloth 名詞	/klɒθ/	布, 布料
alkali 名詞	/ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/	鹼 /鹼
anoint 動詞	/əˈnɔɪnt/	塗油於 /塗油於, 塗油於
aqueduct 名詞	/ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/	水渠
archaeologist 名詞	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古學家 /考古學家
carbonate 名詞	/ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/	碳酸鹽 /碳酸鹽
glycerine 名詞	/ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/	甘油, 丙三醇
launder 動詞	/ˈlɔndɚ/	洗
prehistoric 形容詞	/ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/	史前的
pumice 名詞	/ˈpʌm.ɪs/	浮石, 浮巖
scrape 動詞	/skɹeɪp/	刮, 擦

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: cloth /klɒθ/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, inscription /ɪnˈskɹɪpʃən/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, shampoo /ʃæmˈpuː/, shave /ˈʃeɪ̯v/
長單詞——注意重音位置: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, prehistoric /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/, medicinal /məˈdɪ.sɪ.nəl/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, shave /ˈʃeɪ̯v/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: cleanliness /ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/, cleanse /klɛnz/, chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/, cloth /klɒθ/, anoint /əˈnɔɪnt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, glycerine /ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, readily /ˈɹɛdɪli/, laundry /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 cleanliness, soda, cleanse 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening - 通過影片學習英語口語

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？