Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening - Learn English Speaking with Video

Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture on the early history of keeping clean.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Nowadays we use different products for personal cleanliness, laundry, dishwashing and household cleaning,
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but this is very much a 20th century development.
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The origins of cleanliness date back to prehistoric times.
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Since water is essential for life, the earliest people lived near water and knew something about its cleansing properties,
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at least that it rinsed mud off their hands.
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During the excavation of ancient Babylon,
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evidence was found that soap-making was known as early as 2800 BC.
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Archaeologists discovered cylinders made of clay, with inscriptions on them saying that fats were boiled with ashes.
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This is a method of making soap, though there's no reference to the purpose of this material.
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The early Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons and apparently didn't use soap.
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Instead, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of sand, pumice and ashes, then anointed themselves with oil,
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and scraped off the oil and dirt with a metal instrument known as a strigil.
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They also used oil mixed with ashes.
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Clothes were washed without soap in streams.
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The ancient Germans
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and Gauls are also credited with discovering how to make a substance called soap made of melted animal fat and ashes.
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They used this mixture to tint their hair red.
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Soap got its name, according to an ancient Roman legend, from Mount Sappo, where animals were sacrificed,
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leaving deposits of animal fat.
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Rain washed these deposits, along with wood ashes, down into the clay soil along the River Tiber.
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Women found that this mixture greatly reduced the effort required to wash their clothes.
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As Roman civilization advanced, so did bathing.
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The first of the famous Roman baths, supplied with water from their aqueducts, was built around 312 BC.
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The baths were luxurious, and bathing became very popular.
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And by the second century AD, the Greek physician Galen recommended soap for both medicinal and cleansing purposes.
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After the fall of Rome in 467 AD and the resulting decline in bathing habits,
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much of Europe felt the impact of filth on public health.
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This lack of personal cleanliness and related unsanitary living conditions were major factors in the outbreaks of disease in the Middle Ages,
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and especially the Black Death of the 14th century.
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Nevertheless, soap-making became an established craft in Europe, and associations of soap-makers guarded their trade secrets closely.
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Vegetable and animal oils were used with ashes of plants, along with perfume, apparently for the first time.
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Gradually, more varieties of soap became available for shaving and shampooing, as well as bathing and laundering.
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A major step toward large-scale commercial soap-making occurred in 1791, when a French chemist, Nicolas Leblanc,
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patented a process for turning salt into soda ash, or sodium carbonate.
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Soda ash is the alkali obtained from ashes that combines with fat to form soap.
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The Leblanc process yielded quantities of good quality, inexpensive soda ash.
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Modern soap-making was born some twenty years later, in the early nineteenth century, with a discovery by Michel-Eugène Chevrol,
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another French chemist, of the chemical nature and relationship of fats, glycerine, and fatty acids.
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His studies established the basis for both fat and soap chemistry, and soap making became a science.
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Further developments during the 19th century made it easier and cheaper to manufacture soap.
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Until the 19th century, soap was regarded as a luxury item, and was heavily taxed in several countries.
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As it became more readily available, it became an everyday necessity, a development that was reinforced when the high tax was removed.
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Soap was then something ordinary people could afford, and cleanliness standards improved.
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With this widespread use came the development of milder soaps for bathing
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and soaps for use in the washing machines that were available to consumers by the turn of the 20th century.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: soap, ashes, century, fat, became. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 55 cümle ve 701 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 7:45 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 91 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %73’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
cleanliness isim/ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/taharet, temizlik
cleanse fiil/klɛnz/temizlemek
chemist isim/ˈkɛmɪst/kimyacı
cloth isim/klɒθ/kumaş
alkali isim/ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/alkali
aqueduct isim/ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/su kemeri
archaeologist isim/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/arkeolog, kazı bilimci
carbonate isim/ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/karbonat
excavation isim/ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/kazı
glycerine isim/ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/gliserin
prehistoric sıfat/ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/tarih öncesi
pumice isim/ˈpʌm.ɪs/ponza, ponza taşı
scrape fiil/skɹeɪp/kazımak
medicinal sıfat/məˈdɪ.sɪ.nəl/ilaç özelliği olan, iyileştirici
inscription isim/ɪnˈskɹɪpʃən/kitâbe, yazıt

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

  • “th” sesleri: cloth /klɒθ/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/
  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, inscription /ɪnˈskɹɪpʃən/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, shampoo /ʃæmˈpuː/, shave /ˈʃeɪ̯v/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, prehistoric /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/, medicinal /məˈdɪ.sɪ.nəl/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.əs/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/
  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: cleanliness /ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/, cleanse /klɛnz/, cloth /klɒθ/, glycerine /ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/, prehistoric /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: alkali /ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/, aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/, shampoo /ʃæmˈpuː/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; cleanliness, cleanse, chemist gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →