ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening

กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture on the early history of keeping clean.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Nowadays we use different products for personal cleanliness, laundry, dishwashing and household cleaning,
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but this is very much a 20th century development.
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The origins of cleanliness date back to prehistoric times.
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Since water is essential for life, the earliest people lived near water and knew something about its cleansing properties,
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at least that it rinsed mud off their hands.
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During the excavation of ancient Babylon,
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evidence was found that soap-making was known as early as 2800 BC.
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Archaeologists discovered cylinders made of clay, with inscriptions on them saying that fats were boiled with ashes.
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This is a method of making soap, though there's no reference to the purpose of this material.
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The early Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons and apparently didn't use soap.
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Instead, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of sand, pumice and ashes, then anointed themselves with oil,
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and scraped off the oil and dirt with a metal instrument known as a strigil.
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They also used oil mixed with ashes.
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Clothes were washed without soap in streams.
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The ancient Germans
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and Gauls are also credited with discovering how to make a substance called soap made of melted animal fat and ashes.
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They used this mixture to tint their hair red.
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Soap got its name, according to an ancient Roman legend, from Mount Sappo, where animals were sacrificed,
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leaving deposits of animal fat.
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Rain washed these deposits, along with wood ashes, down into the clay soil along the River Tiber.
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Women found that this mixture greatly reduced the effort required to wash their clothes.
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As Roman civilization advanced, so did bathing.
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The first of the famous Roman baths, supplied with water from their aqueducts, was built around 312 BC.
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The baths were luxurious, and bathing became very popular.
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And by the second century AD, the Greek physician Galen recommended soap for both medicinal and cleansing purposes.
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After the fall of Rome in 467 AD and the resulting decline in bathing habits,
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much of Europe felt the impact of filth on public health.
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This lack of personal cleanliness and related unsanitary living conditions were major factors in the outbreaks of disease in the Middle Ages,
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and especially the Black Death of the 14th century.
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Nevertheless, soap-making became an established craft in Europe, and associations of soap-makers guarded their trade secrets closely.
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Vegetable and animal oils were used with ashes of plants, along with perfume, apparently for the first time.
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Gradually, more varieties of soap became available for shaving and shampooing, as well as bathing and laundering.
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A major step toward large-scale commercial soap-making occurred in 1791, when a French chemist, Nicolas Leblanc,
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patented a process for turning salt into soda ash, or sodium carbonate.
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Soda ash is the alkali obtained from ashes that combines with fat to form soap.
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The Leblanc process yielded quantities of good quality, inexpensive soda ash.
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Modern soap-making was born some twenty years later, in the early nineteenth century, with a discovery by Michel-Eugène Chevrol,
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another French chemist, of the chemical nature and relationship of fats, glycerine, and fatty acids.
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His studies established the basis for both fat and soap chemistry, and soap making became a science.
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Further developments during the 19th century made it easier and cheaper to manufacture soap.
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Until the 19th century, soap was regarded as a luxury item, and was heavily taxed in several countries.
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As it became more readily available, it became an everyday necessity, a development that was reinforced when the high tax was removed.
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Soap was then something ordinary people could afford, and cleanliness standards improved.
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With this widespread use came the development of milder soaps for bathing
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and soaps for use in the washing machines that were available to consumers by the turn of the 20th century.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.
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Thank you.
54
That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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เกี่ยวกับบทเรียนนี้

คุณกำลังฝึกภาษาอังกฤษกับ "Cambridge 15 Test 3 Section 4 Listening" ด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing — วิธีที่พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ

ฟังทีละประโยค สังเกตการเน้นเสียงและการเชื่อมเสียง แล้วพูดตามดังๆ อย่างมั่นใจ ฝึกวันละ 15–30 นาทีจะเห็นผลลัพธ์ที่ชัดเจน

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →