Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu konuşma dersi “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 73 cümle ve 931 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 8:45 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 106 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
lazy sıfat/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/tembel
creativity isim/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/yaratıcılık
clever sıfat/ˈklɛv.ɚ/becerikli
solve fiil/sɒlv/çözmek, halletmek
collaboration isim/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/imece, iş birliği
intend fiil/ɪnˈtɛnd/niyet etmek
follower isim/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/takipçi
rush fiil/ɹʌʃ/acele etmek, aşıkmak
carefully zarf/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/dikkatlice, itinayla
compare fiil/kəmˈpɛɚ/karşılaştırmak, kıyaslamak
encourage fiil/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/teşvik etmek, cesaretlendirmek
sheet isim/ʃit/varak, sayfa
resource isim/ɹɪˈzɔːs/kaynak
subsequent sıfat/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/takip eden, izleyen
intention isim/ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/niyet, kasıt

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

YapıVideoda
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemliwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgidamage, which is · people who say · those who are

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı I'm, isn't, they're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 10 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “th” sesleri: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/, subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, creator /kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; lazy, creativity, clever gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →