Pratica di Shadowing: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. Questo video contiene 73 frasi e 931 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 8:45. Chi parla lo fa lentamente, circa 106 parole al minuto, quindi c’è tempo per imitare ogni suono. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
excellence sostantivo/ˈɛksələns/eccellenza
lazy aggettivo/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/pigro
solve verbo/sɒlv/risolvere
collaboration sostantivo/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/collaborazione
intend verbo/ɪnˈtɛnd/intendere, avere in animo
pioneer sostantivo/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/pioniere, pioniera
necessarily avverbio/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/necessariamente, a tutti i costi
rush verbo/ɹʌʃ/affrettarsi, correre
carefully avverbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/minuziosamente, accuratamente
compare verbo/kəmˈpɛɚ/paragonare
encourage verbo/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/incoraggiare, raccomandare
nowhere avverbio/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/da nessuna parte, in nessun posto
sheet sostantivo/ʃit/foglio
resource sostantivo/ɹɪˈzɔːs/risorsa
subsequent aggettivo/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/successivo

I phrasal verb che sentirai

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
come up with verboideare, escogitare
carry out verbo/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/compiere, realizzare

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

StrutturaNel video
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fawere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosadamage, which is · people who say · those who are

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 10 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come I'm, isn't, they're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

  • I suoni “th”: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/, hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/
  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: excellence /ˈɛksələns/, solve /sɒlv/, intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
  • /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come excellence, lazy, solve.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →