Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.
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Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,
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and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.
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The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
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It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.
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Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,
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otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.
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Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well.
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Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative.
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and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem
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that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing
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and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. Deze video bevat 73 zinnen en 931 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 8:45. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 106 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
excellence zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈɛksələns/uitmuntendheid, voortreffelijkheid
lazy bijvoeglijk naamwoord/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/lui, werkschuw
creativity zelfstandig naamwoord/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/creativiteit
solve werkwoord/sɒlv/oplossen
collaboration zelfstandig naamwoord/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/samenwerking, het samenwerken
intend werkwoord/ɪnˈtɛnd/van plan zijn
pioneer zelfstandig naamwoord/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/pionier
follower zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/volger, navolger
necessarily bijwoord/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/nodig, noodzakelijk
rush werkwoord/ɹʌʃ/afraffelen
carefully bijwoord/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/voorzichtig
compare werkwoord/kəmˈpɛɚ/vergelijken
encourage werkwoord/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/bemoedigen, aanmoedigen
nowhere bijwoord/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/nergens, nergens heen
sheet zelfstandig naamwoord/ʃit/blad

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
come up with werkwoordbedenken, verzinnen
carry out werkwoord/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/uitvoeren

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

StructuurIn de video
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doetwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of dingdamage, which is · people who say · those who are

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 10 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, isn't, they're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

  • De “th”-klanken: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • De klanken “sh” en “zh”: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:

  • Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: solve /sɒlv/, intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
  • /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/
  • /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als excellence, lazy, creativity.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

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