Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 10 Test 4 Section 4 Listening - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Section 4.
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You will hear a woman talking to a group of first -year science undergraduates about the developing science of nanotechnology.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you. to 40.
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Today we're going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology.
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So what is it?
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Nano means tiny, so it's science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules.
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The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything.
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However, as we'll see, the science of the small has some big implications, affecting us in many ways.
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There's no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization.
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However, all new technologies have their teething problems.
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And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.
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Numerous science fiction books and movies have raised people's fears about nanotechnology,
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with scenarios such as inserting little nanorobots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it,
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or self -replicating nanorobots that eventually take over the world.
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So, how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology.
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Some scientists recommend that nanoparticles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling.
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They believe that greater care should also be taken with nanoparticles in laboratories and factories.
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Others have called for a withdrawal of new nanoproducts such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
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But as far as I'm concerned, there's a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.
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I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology.
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We can't go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad.
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As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that's important.
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So, let's look at some of its possible uses.
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Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation, with the production of more durable metals.
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These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable, leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present.
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Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space,
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making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
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In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes.
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We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers
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that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory, but will be about the size of a sugar cube.
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Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power.
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The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced, so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
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But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment.
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For instance, tiny airborne nanorobots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer,
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which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet.
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That's a pretty amazing thought, isn't it?
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On a more local scale,
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this new technology could help with the clean -up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil
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and other contaminants from the water far more effectively.
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And if nanotechnology progresses as expected, as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms,
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then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up.
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In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn't be any waste
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The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health
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It means that we'll eventually be able to replicate anything
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This would have a phenomenal effect on our society
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In time, it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines
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that produce food to feed the hungry.
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But it's in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact.
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How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days.
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There's even speculation nanorobots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.
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As you can see, I'm very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades.
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Just how long it'll take, I honestly don't know.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Cambridge 10 Test 4 Section 4 Listening”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: nanotechnology, science, technology, nanorobots, atoms. Deze video bevat 57 zinnen en 753 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:23. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 102 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| atom zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈætəm/ | atoom |
| hungry bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | hongerig, honger hebben |
| scientist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | wetenschapper, wetenschapster |
| temporary bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ | tijdelijk |
| discovery zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | ontdekking, vinding |
| fiction zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɪkʃən/ | fictie |
| label zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | etiket, label |
| ordinary bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | gewoon, alledaags |
| layer zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | laag |
| sheet zelfstandig naamwoord | /ʃit/ | blad |
| disaster zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | ramp, onheil |
| potentially bijwoord | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potentieel |
| monitor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | toezichthouder |
| innovation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ | innovatie, vernieuwing |
| laboratory zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ | laboratorium, lab |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| take over werkwoord | overnemen |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | be treated · be taken · could be programmed |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have raised · have called |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 10 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, we'll, can't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, lengthen /ˈlɛŋθən/, teethe /tiːð/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/, cube /kjub/, safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/, rearrange /ˌɹiːəˈɹeɪndʒ/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: atom /ˈætəm/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/, safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als atom, hungry, scientist.
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Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.