쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.

Today I'm going to talk about four of them.

Collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.

Most people would say they're all good things.

I'm going to suggest that's an over -simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts, removed from the reality of day -to -day business.

Pursue values by all means, but be prepared for what may happen as a result.

They can actually cause damage, which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,

but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.

The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.

OK, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.

Let me give you an example.

On a management training course I once attended,

we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.

The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.

This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person.

The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion, with everyone getting in each other's way.

Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.

She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule,

and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.

We finished before any other team.

My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking, so why make it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency, a common cause of poor sales.

In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched, one director wanted to target the business market,

and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.

The company wanted both directors to be involved, so gave the product a consumer -friendly name, but marketed it to companies.

The result was that it met the needs of neither group.

It would have been better to let one director or the other have his way, not both.

Now, industriousness or hard work.

It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.

After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.

Of course hard work is valuable, but only when properly targeted,

otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most – time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.

There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.

Clever, hard -working, stupid and lazy.

Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.

It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.

Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.

They possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.

They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard -working group.

Instead of throwing more man -hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.

Next, we come to creativity.

This often works well.

Creating an attention -grabbing TV commercial, for example, might lead to increased sales.

But it isn't always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.

This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.

Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts, but had no idea what was being advertised.

The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,

but it may be too creative.

and make smaller profits creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem

that the company has identified just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing

and finally excellence we all know companies that claim they strive for excellence but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.

In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.

A major study of company performance compared pioneers, that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,

with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.

The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,

while the followers achieved less than half that, only 13%, even though their product might have been better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time -consuming, wastes energy, and leads to losing out on opportunities.

Sometimes second -rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.

Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business, but the just -get -started approach is likely to be more successful.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 73개와 단어 931개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:45입니다. 화자는 분당 약 106단어로 천천히 말해서 소리 하나하나를 따라 하기에 여유가 있습니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
lazy 형용사	/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/	게으르다
creativity 명사	/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/	창의력, 창조력
solve 동사	/sɒlv/	해결하다
collaboration 명사	/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/	콜라보레이션, 콜라보
intend 동사	/ɪnˈtɛnd/	의도(意圖)하다
pioneer 명사	/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/	선구자, 개척자
follower 명사	/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/	추종자, 신봉자
carefully 부사	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	주의하여, 조심스럽게
compare 동사	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	비교하다, 비유하다
encourage 동사	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	격려하다
nowhere 부사	/ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/	아무데도
sheet 명사	/ʃit/	장, 시트
resource 명사	/ɹɪˈzɔːs/	자원
intention 명사	/ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/	의도, 의향
pursue 동사	/pɚˈsu/	뒤쫓다

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
carry out 동사	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	실행하다, 행하다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	were put · was intended · wasn't really suited
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	damage, which is · people who say · those who are

주의할 발음

화자는 I'm, isn't, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 10번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, solve /sɒlv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: lazy /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, possess /pəˈzɛs/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, lazy, creativity, solve 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge 12 Test 1 Section 4 Listening - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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