跟读练习: Cambridge 16 IELTS Reading Test 4 Passage 1 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Cambridge 16, IELTS Reading Test 4.
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Passage 1.
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Roman Tunnels.
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The Romans, who once controlled areas of Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor, adopted the construction techniques of other civilizations to build tunnels in their territories.
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The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas.
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In the early 1st millennium BCE, they introduced the Canet method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line to ensure
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that the tunnel kept to its root and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals.
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Underground, workers removed the air from between the ends of the shafts, creating a tunnel.
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The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work.
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Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use.
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Remarkably, some canets built by the persians 2 700 years ago
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are still in use today they later passed on their knowledge
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to the romans who also used the cannet method to construct
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water supply tunnels for agriculture roman cannet tunnels were constructed with vertical shafts dug at intervals of between 30
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and 60 meters the shafts were equipped with handholds
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and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid.
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To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft
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and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft.
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Plumb lines were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel.
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The 5.6 kilometer long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fusine Lake in central Italy,
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had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.
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By the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the counter-excavation method,
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in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends.
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It was used to cut through high mountains when the Kanat method was not a practical alternative.
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This method required greater planning and advanced knowledge of surveying, mathematics and geometry as both ends of a tunnel had to meet correctly at the center of the mountain.
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Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems
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or when it deviated from its set path.
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They constantly checked the tunnel's advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that penetrated through the tunnel mouth, and make corrections whenever necessary.
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Large deviations could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel not being usable.
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An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel built
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by the Romans as part of the Salve aqueduct system in
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modern-day Algeria describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain
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and how the later construction of lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
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The Romans dug tunnels for their roads using the counter-excavation method whenever they encountered obstacles such as hills
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or mountains that were too high for roads to pass over.
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An example is the 37-meter-long, 6-meter-high, Furlopass tunnel built in Italy in 69-79 CE.
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Remarkably, a modern road still uses this tunnel today.
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Tunnels were also built for mineral extraction.
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Miners would locate a mineral vein and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground.
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Traces of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolokoti mines in Wales.
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When the sole purpose of a tunnel was mineral extraction, construction required less planning, as the tunnel route was determined by the mineral vein.
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Roman tunnel projects were carefully planned and carried out.
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The length of time it took to construct a tunnel depended on the method being used
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and the type of rock being excavated.
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The Canet construction method was usually faster than the counter excavation method as it was more straightforward.
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This was because the mountain could be excavated not only from the tunnel mouths but also from shafts.
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The type of rock could also influence construction times.
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When the rock was hard,

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Cambridge 16 IELTS Reading Test 4 Passage 1”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：tunnel, shaft, method, roman, construction。 这段视频共有 48 个句子、731 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:40。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 157 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 75% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
shaft 名词/ˈʃɑːft/杆
construct 动词/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/建造, 建設 /建设
mineral 名词/ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/礦物 /矿物
metre 名词/ˈmiːtəɹ/米, 公尺
vertical 形容词/ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/豎的 /竖的, 垂直
plum 名词/plʌm/李子
vein 名词/veɪn/靜脈 /静脉
interval 名词/ˈɪntɚvəl/間隔 /间隔, 間隙 /间隙
builder 名词/ˈbɪl.dəɹ/建築工人 /建筑工人, 建築工 /建筑工
civilization 名词/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/文明
meter 名词/ˈmitəɹ/計量表 /计量表
aqueduct 名词/ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/水渠
deviation 名词/ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/偏離 /偏离
hillside 名词/ˈhɪlˌsaɪd/半山腰
kilometre 名词/kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/千米, 公里

视频中出现的短语动词

单词发音释义
carry out 动词/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/進行 /进行

需要注意的发音

  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, deviation /ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, deviation /ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

  • /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, vein /veɪn/, interval /ˈɪntɚvəl/
  • 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/, excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/, deviate /ˈdiː.vi.eɪt/
  • /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, builder /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, lateral /ˈlætəɹəl/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 shaft, construct, mineral 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →