跟读练习: Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 4 Reading passage 1 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Bats to the Rescue How Madagascar's bats are helping to save the rainforest.
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There are few places in the world where relations between agriculture and conservation are more strained.
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Madagascar's forests are being converted to agricultural land at a rate of 1% every year.
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Much of this destruction is fueled by the cultivation of the country's main staple crop, rice.
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And a key reason for this destruction is
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that insect pests are destroying vast quantities of what is grown by local subsistence farmers, leading them to clear forests to create new paddy fields.
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The result is devastating habitat and biodiversity loss on the island, but not all species are suffering.
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In fact, some of the island's insectivorous bats are currently thriving, and this has important implications for farmers and conservationists alike.
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Enter University of Cambridge zoologist Ricardo Rocha.
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He's passionate about conservation and bats.
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More specifically, he's interested in how bats are responding to human activity and deforestation in particular.
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Rocha's new study shows
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that several species of bats are giving Madagascar's rice farmers a vital pest control service by feasting on plagues of insects.
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And this, he believes, can ease the financial pressure on farmers to turn forest into fields.
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Bats comprise roughly one-fifth of all mammal species in Madagascar and 36 recorded bat species are native to the island,
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making it one of the most important regions for conservation of this animal group anywhere in the world.
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Co-leading an international team of scientists, Rocha found
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that several species of indigenous bats are taking advantage of habitat modification to hunt insects swarming above the country's rice fields.
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They include the Malagasy mouse-eared bat, Major's long-fingered bat, the Malagasy white-bellied free-tailed bat, and Peters' wrinkle-lipped bat.
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These winter species are providing a valuable free service to Madagascar as biological pest suppressors, says Rocha.
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We found that six species of bat are preying on rice pests, including the paddy-swarming caterpillar and grass webworm.
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The damage which these insects cause puts the island's farmers under huge financial pressure, and that encourages deforestation.
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The study, now published in the journal Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment, set out to investigate the feeding activity of insectivorous bats in
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the farmland bordering the Rana Mofana National Park in the southeast of the country.
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Rocha and his team used state-of-the-art ultrasonic recorders to record over a thousand bat-feeding buzzes, echolocation sequences used by bats to target their prey,
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at 54 sites, in order to identify the favorite feeding spots of the bats.
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They next used DNA barcoding techniques to analyze droppings collected from bats at the different sites.
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The recordings revealed that bat activity over rice fields was much higher than it was in continuous forest, seven times higher over rice fields which were on flat ground,
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and 16 times higher over fields on the sides of hills, leaving no doubt that the animals are preferentially foraging in these man-made ecosystems.
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The researchers suggest that the bats favor these fields
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because lack of water and nutrient runoff make these crops more susceptible to insect pest infestations.
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DNA analysis showed that all six species of bat had fed on economically important insect pests.
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While the findings indicated that rice farming benefits most from the bats, the scientists also found indications that the bats were consuming pests of other crops,
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including the black twig borer, which infests coffee plants, the sugarcane cicada, the macadamia nut borer, and the sober tabby,
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a pest of citrus fruits.
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The effectiveness of bats as pest controllers has already been proven in the USA and Catalonia, said co-author James Kemp from the University of Lisbon.
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But our study is the first to show this happening in Madagascar, where the stakes for both farmers and conservationists are so high,
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local people may have a further reason to be grateful to their bats.
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While the animal is often associated with spreading disease, Rocha and his team found evidence that Malagasy bats feed not just on crop pests,
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but also on mosquitoes, carriers of malaria, Rift Valley fever virus and elephantiasis, as well as blackflies, which spread river blindness.
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Rocha points out that the relationship is complicated.
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When food is scarce, bats become a crucial source of protein for local people.
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Even the children will hunt them.
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And as well as roosting in trees, the bats sometimes roost in buildings, but are not welcomed there because they make them unclean.
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At the same time, however, they are associated with sacred caves and their ancestors, so they can be viewed as beings between worlds,
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which makes them very significant in the culture of the people.
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And one potential problem is that while these bats are benefiting from farming, at the same time deforestation is reducing the places where they can roost,
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which could have long-term effects on their numbers.
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Rocha says, With the right help, we hope that farmers can promote this mutually beneficial relationship by installing bat houses.
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Rocha and his colleagues believe that maximizing bat populations can help to boost crop yields and promote sustainable livelihoods.
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The team is now calling for further research to quantify this contribution.
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I'm very optimistic, says Rocha.
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If we give nature a hand, we can speed up the process of regeneration.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 4 Reading passage 1”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：bat, pest, Rocha, species, farmers。 这段视频共有 53 个句子、881 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:18。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 166 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 71% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
farmer 名词/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/農夫 /农夫, 農民 /农民
insect 名词/ˈɪn.sɛkt/昆蟲 /昆虫, 蟲子 /虫子
crop 名词/kɹɑp/作物
swarm 名词/swɔɹm/群
paddy 名词/ˈpædi/稻, 稻田
ecosystem 名词/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/生態系 /生态系, 生態系統 /生态系统
prey 名词/pɹeɪ/獵物 /猎物
ancestor 名词/ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/祖先
biodiversity 名词/ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/生物多樣性 /生物多样性
blindness 名词/ˈblaɪndnəs/盲目性
caterpillar 名词/ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/毛毛蟲 /毛毛虫, 毛蟲 /毛虫
cicada 名词/sɪˈkeɪ.də/蟬 /蝉, 知了
devastate 动词/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/摧毀 /摧毁, 破壞 /破坏
echolocation 名词/ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/回聲定位 /回声定位
elephantiasis 名词/ˌɛlɪfənˈtaɪəsɪs/象皮病

视频中出现的短语动词

单词发音释义
point out 动词指, 指出
speed up 动词/spiːdˈʌp/加速, 加快

需要注意的发音

  • “th” 音: thrive /θɹajv/, southeast /sawˈθɪjst/
  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: deforestation /dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/, echolocation /ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/, infestation /ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪ̯ʃən/, preferentially /ˈpɹɛf.ɜː(ɹ)ˌɛn.ʃə.li/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: deforestation /dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/, insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, caterpillar /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

  • /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
  • 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: pest /pɛst/, insect /ˈɪn.sɛkt/, crop /kɹɑp/, roost /ɹust/, insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/
  • /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: farmland /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/, preferentially /ˈpɹɛf.ɜː(ɹ)ˌɛn.ʃə.li/, ultrasonic /ʌltɹəˈsɒnɪk/, wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/, malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 farmer, insect, crop 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →