跟讀練習: Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 4 Reading passage 1 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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53 句

如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。

Bats to the Rescue How Madagascar's bats are helping to save the rainforest.

There are few places in the world where relations between agriculture and conservation are more strained.

Madagascar's forests are being converted to agricultural land at a rate of 1% every year.

Much of this destruction is fueled by the cultivation of the country's main staple crop, rice.

And a key reason for this destruction is

that insect pests are destroying vast quantities of what is grown by local subsistence farmers, leading them to clear forests to create new paddy fields.

The result is devastating habitat and biodiversity loss on the island, but not all species are suffering.

In fact, some of the island's insectivorous bats are currently thriving, and this has important implications for farmers and conservationists alike.

Enter University of Cambridge zoologist Ricardo Rocha.

He's passionate about conservation and bats.

More specifically, he's interested in how bats are responding to human activity and deforestation in particular.

Rocha's new study shows

that several species of bats are giving Madagascar's rice farmers a vital pest control service by feasting on plagues of insects.

And this, he believes, can ease the financial pressure on farmers to turn forest into fields.

Bats comprise roughly one-fifth of all mammal species in Madagascar and 36 recorded bat species are native to the island,

making it one of the most important regions for conservation of this animal group anywhere in the world.

Co-leading an international team of scientists, Rocha found

that several species of indigenous bats are taking advantage of habitat modification to hunt insects swarming above the country's rice fields.

They include the Malagasy mouse-eared bat, Major's long-fingered bat, the Malagasy white-bellied free-tailed bat, and Peters' wrinkle-lipped bat.

These winter species are providing a valuable free service to Madagascar as biological pest suppressors, says Rocha.

We found that six species of bat are preying on rice pests, including the paddy-swarming caterpillar and grass webworm.

The damage which these insects cause puts the island's farmers under huge financial pressure, and that encourages deforestation.

The study, now published in the journal Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment, set out to investigate the feeding activity of insectivorous bats in

the farmland bordering the Rana Mofana National Park in the southeast of the country.

Rocha and his team used state-of-the-art ultrasonic recorders to record over a thousand bat-feeding buzzes, echolocation sequences used by bats to target their prey,

at 54 sites, in order to identify the favorite feeding spots of the bats.

They next used DNA barcoding techniques to analyze droppings collected from bats at the different sites.

The recordings revealed that bat activity over rice fields was much higher than it was in continuous forest, seven times higher over rice fields which were on flat ground,

and 16 times higher over fields on the sides of hills, leaving no doubt that the animals are preferentially foraging in these man-made ecosystems.

The researchers suggest that the bats favor these fields

because lack of water and nutrient runoff make these crops more susceptible to insect pest infestations.

DNA analysis showed that all six species of bat had fed on economically important insect pests.

While the findings indicated that rice farming benefits most from the bats, the scientists also found indications that the bats were consuming pests of other crops,

including the black twig borer, which infests coffee plants, the sugarcane cicada, the macadamia nut borer, and the sober tabby,

a pest of citrus fruits.

The effectiveness of bats as pest controllers has already been proven in the USA and Catalonia, said co-author James Kemp from the University of Lisbon.

But our study is the first to show this happening in Madagascar, where the stakes for both farmers and conservationists are so high,

local people may have a further reason to be grateful to their bats.

While the animal is often associated with spreading disease, Rocha and his team found evidence that Malagasy bats feed not just on crop pests,

but also on mosquitoes, carriers of malaria, Rift Valley fever virus and elephantiasis, as well as blackflies, which spread river blindness.

Rocha points out that the relationship is complicated.

When food is scarce, bats become a crucial source of protein for local people.

Even the children will hunt them.

And as well as roosting in trees, the bats sometimes roost in buildings, but are not welcomed there because they make them unclean.

At the same time, however, they are associated with sacred caves and their ancestors, so they can be viewed as beings between worlds,

which makes them very significant in the culture of the people.

And one potential problem is that while these bats are benefiting from farming, at the same time deforestation is reducing the places where they can roost,

which could have long-term effects on their numbers.

Rocha says, With the right help, we hope that farmers can promote this mutually beneficial relationship by installing bat houses.

Rocha and his colleagues believe that maximizing bat populations can help to boost crop yields and promote sustainable livelihoods.

The team is now calling for further research to quantify this contribution.

I'm very optimistic, says Rocha.

If we give nature a hand, we can speed up the process of regeneration.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 4 Reading passage 1”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：bat, pest, Rocha, species, farmers。這段影片共有 53 個句子、881 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:18。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 166 個詞，接近日常對話。只有 71% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
farmer 名詞	/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/	農夫 /農夫, 農民 /農民
insect 名詞	/ˈɪn.sɛkt/	昆蟲 /昆蟲, 蟲子 /蟲子
crop 名詞	/kɹɑp/	作物
swarm 名詞	/swɔɹm/	群
paddy 名詞	/ˈpædi/	稻, 稻田
ecosystem 名詞	/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/	生態系 /生態系, 生態系統 /生態系統
prey 名詞	/pɹeɪ/	獵物 /獵物
ancestor 名詞	/ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/	祖先
biodiversity 名詞	/ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/	生物多樣性 /生物多樣性
blindness 名詞	/ˈblaɪndnəs/	盲目性
caterpillar 名詞	/ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/	毛毛蟲 /毛毛蟲, 毛蟲 /毛蟲
cicada 名詞	/sɪˈkeɪ.də/	蟬 /蟬, 知了
devastate 動詞	/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/	摧毀 /摧毀, 破壞 /破壞
echolocation 名詞	/ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/	回聲定位 /回聲定位
elephantiasis 名詞	/ˌɛlɪfənˈtaɪəsɪs/	象皮病

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
point out 動詞		指, 指出
speed up 動詞	/spiːdˈʌp/	加速, 加快

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: thrive /θɹajv/, southeast /sawˈθɪjst/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: deforestation /dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/, echolocation /ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/, infestation /ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪ̯ʃən/, preferentially /ˈpɹɛf.ɜː(ɹ)ˌɛn.ʃə.li/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: deforestation /dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/, insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, caterpillar /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: pest /pɛst/, insect /ˈɪn.sɛkt/, crop /kɹɑp/, roost /ɹust/, insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: farmland /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/, preferentially /ˈpɹɛf.ɜː(ɹ)ˌɛn.ʃə.li/, ultrasonic /ʌltɹəˈsɒnɪk/, wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/, malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 farmer, insect, crop 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 4 Reading passage 1 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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