跟讀練習: 2014 Three Minute Thesis winning presentation by Emily Johnston - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Our third finalist is Emily Johnston from the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.

Her presentation title is Mosquito Research: Saving Lives with Pantyhose and Paperclips.

Thank you.

- Thank you.

I came to Australia to study the deadliest animal in the world.

Now there may be some Australian audience members thinking, "Ruth!

Science has finally recognized the importance of the drop bears.

But I'm not studying drop bears, because around the world, by transmitting diseases like malaria and dengue fever, Mosquitoes kill more than a million people every year,

making them the deadliest animal on the planet.

Now in Australia, the most common mosquito -borne disease is Ross River virus, and it occurs at high rates in some areas but not others.

My question is why?

What is it about certain areas that makes them breed disease?

If we can understand the environmental factors that contribute to disease transmission, then we can alter the environment or target our control efforts prevent human infections.

But to answer that question, I had to find out where the infected mosquitoes were in South Australia.

And traditionally, testing mosquitoes for virus has always been difficult.

So I used a new technique.

It takes these cards, which are embedded with virus -preserving chemicals, and coats them in honey.

Mosquitoes will come to feed on the honey, and in the process, spit virus onto the card, where it can later be detected.

Now, no one had ever used this technique in a broad -scale virus survey before, so I had to adapt it.

I developed new traps.

and set them at over 100 field sites across South Australia.

and I captured over 20 ,000 hungry mosquitoes

and let them feed on the card for a week before testing the cards for a virus.

Now you may not think that these traps look very impressive, But science doesn't have to be beautiful.

It has to be effective.

And these traps are proving to be our most sensitive method of detecting infected mosquitoes.

I found three types of infection.

Ross River virus, Barma Forest virus, and Stratford virus, which has never before been found in South Australia.

I now have the virus data I need to conduct my analysis.

and I'm collecting publicly available data about the environment surrounding my traps.

like the density of human housing, the biodiversity of mammals, and the ratio of green space to buildings.

to see if any of those environmental factors can link These virus hotspots that I've shown here, But the most exciting part of my research so far has been the success of this method.

Public health officials in Victoria, Queensland, and Western Australia have been in contact with us about implementing this technique for their surveillance next year.

And I developed these traps in a tight budget.

I used recycled milk cartons, pantyhose, and paperclips to make the traps.

Each trap costs less than a dollar and can be reused for the whole season.

That was important to me because the majority of mosquito -borne disease risk happens in economically impoverished countries.

In India, for example, where about a quarter of the population lives on a dollar a day, There are 33 million cases of dengue infection every year,

With my low budget virus surveillance and spatial analysis method, I can help any country, regardless of resources, find out where their deadliest animals occur,

why they're there, and how we can stop them from infecting humans.

Thanks.

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 42 個句子、576 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 3:09。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 183 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。只有 77% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

virus /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/ (名詞) — 病毒. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and…
mosquito /məsˈki.toʊ/ (名詞) — 蚊子, 蛾塞蚊. A small flying insect of the family Culicidae, the females of which bite humans and animals and suck blood, leaving an itching bump on the skin, and sometimes…
trap /tɹæp/ (名詞) — 陷阱, 圈套. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (名詞) — 技術 /技術, 技巧. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ (名詞) — 傳染 /傳染. The act or process of infecting.
occur /əˈkɜː/ (動詞) — 發生 /發生. To happen or take place.
honey /ˈhʌni/ (名詞) — фынми, 蜂蜜. A sweet, viscous, gold-colored fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.
surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ (名詞) — 監測 /監測, 監視 /監視. Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion.
detect /dɪˈtɛkt/ (動詞) — 察覺 /察覺, 發覺 /發覺. To discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing.
impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ (形容詞) — 令人印象深刻. Making, or tending to make, a positive impression; having power to impress.
sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ (形容詞) — 敏感. Having the faculty of sensation; pertaining to the senses.
hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ (形容詞) — 飢餓 /飢餓, 餓 /餓. Affected by hunger; having the physical need for food.
capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ (動詞) — 捕獲 /捕獲, 佔領 /佔領. To take control of; to seize by force or stratagem.
resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ (名詞) — 資源 /資源. Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (動詞) — 庋藏, 收藏. To gather together; amass.

影片中出現的短語動詞

find out (動詞) — 找出, 查明. To discover, as by asking or investigating.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 5 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, doesn't, I've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, transmission /tɹænsˈmɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, impoverish /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃ/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 virus, mosquito, trap 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has finally recognized · has always been · I've shown
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are embedded · be detected · been found
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	cards, which are · virus, which has

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: 2014 Three Minute Thesis winning presentation by Emily Johnston - 通過影片學習英語口語

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