シャドーイング練習: 2014 Three Minute Thesis winning presentation by Emily Johnston - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Our third finalist is Emily Johnston from the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.
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Her presentation title is Mosquito Research: Saving Lives with Pantyhose and Paperclips.
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Thank you.
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- Thank you.
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I came to Australia to study the deadliest animal in the world.
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Now there may be some Australian audience members thinking, "Ruth!
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Science has finally recognized the importance of the drop bears.
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But I'm not studying drop bears, because around the world, by transmitting diseases like malaria and dengue fever, Mosquitoes kill more than a million people every year,
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making them the deadliest animal on the planet.
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Now in Australia, the most common mosquito -borne disease is Ross River virus, and it occurs at high rates in some areas but not others.
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My question is why?
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What is it about certain areas that makes them breed disease?
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If we can understand the environmental factors that contribute to disease transmission, then we can alter the environment or target our control efforts prevent human infections.
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But to answer that question, I had to find out where the infected mosquitoes were in South Australia.
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And traditionally, testing mosquitoes for virus has always been difficult.
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So I used a new technique.
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It takes these cards, which are embedded with virus -preserving chemicals, and coats them in honey.
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Mosquitoes will come to feed on the honey, and in the process, spit virus onto the card, where it can later be detected.
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Now, no one had ever used this technique in a broad -scale virus survey before, so I had to adapt it.
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I developed new traps.
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and set them at over 100 field sites across South Australia.
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and I captured over 20 ,000 hungry mosquitoes
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and let them feed on the card for a week before testing the cards for a virus.
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Now you may not think that these traps look very impressive, But science doesn't have to be beautiful.
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It has to be effective.
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And these traps are proving to be our most sensitive method of detecting infected mosquitoes.
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I found three types of infection.
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Ross River virus, Barma Forest virus, and Stratford virus, which has never before been found in South Australia.
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I now have the virus data I need to conduct my analysis.
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and I'm collecting publicly available data about the environment surrounding my traps.
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like the density of human housing, the biodiversity of mammals, and the ratio of green space to buildings.
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to see if any of those environmental factors can link These virus hotspots that I've shown here, But the most exciting part of my research so far has been the success of this method.
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Public health officials in Victoria, Queensland, and Western Australia have been in contact with us about implementing this technique for their surveillance next year.
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And I developed these traps in a tight budget.
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I used recycled milk cartons, pantyhose, and paperclips to make the traps.
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Each trap costs less than a dollar and can be reused for the whole season.
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That was important to me because the majority of mosquito -borne disease risk happens in economically impoverished countries.
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In India, for example, where about a quarter of the population lives on a dollar a day, There are 33 million cases of dengue infection every year,
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With my low budget virus surveillance and spatial analysis method, I can help any country, regardless of resources, find out where their deadliest animals occur,
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why they're there, and how we can stop them from infecting humans.
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Thanks.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が42文、単語が576語あります。 音声の長さは3:09です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約183語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は77%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくるやや難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
- virus /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/ (名詞) — ウイルス, ウィルス. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and…
- mosquito /məsˈki.toʊ/ (名詞) — 蚊, カ. A small flying insect of the family Culicidae, the females of which bite humans and animals and suck blood, leaving an itching bump on the skin, and sometimes…
- trap /tɹæp/ (名詞) — 罠. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (名詞) — 技術. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
- infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ (名詞) — 伝染. The act or process of infecting.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (動詞) — 起こる, 起る. To happen or take place.
- honey /ˈhʌni/ (名詞) — 蜂蜜. A sweet, viscous, gold-colored fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.
- surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ (名詞) — 監視, サーベイランス. Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion.
- detect /dɪˈtɛkt/ (動詞) — 検出する, 見付ける. To discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing.
- impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ (形容詞) — 印象的な. Making, or tending to make, a positive impression; having power to impress.
- sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ (形容詞) — 敏感な. Having the faculty of sensation; pertaining to the senses.
- hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ (形容詞) — 空腹な, 飢えた. Affected by hunger; having the physical need for food.
- capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ (動詞) — 捕獲する. To take control of; to seize by force or stratagem.
- resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ (名詞) — 資源, 資産. Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
- collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (動詞) — 集める, 収集する. To gather together; amass.
動画に出てくる句動詞
- find out (動詞) — 見出す, 調べる. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, doesn't, I'veなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, transmission /tɹænsˈmɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, impoverish /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。virus, mosquito, trapなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has finally recognized · has always been · I've shown |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are embedded · be detected · been found |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | cards, which are · virus, which has |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。