Shadowing Practice: 2014 Three Minute Thesis winning presentation by Emily Johnston - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Our third finalist is Emily Johnston from the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.
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Her presentation title is Mosquito Research: Saving Lives with Pantyhose and Paperclips.
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Thank you.
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- Thank you.
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I came to Australia to study the deadliest animal in the world.
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Now there may be some Australian audience members thinking, "Ruth!
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Science has finally recognized the importance of the drop bears.
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But I'm not studying drop bears, because around the world, by transmitting diseases like malaria and dengue fever, Mosquitoes kill more than a million people every year,
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making them the deadliest animal on the planet.
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Now in Australia, the most common mosquito -borne disease is Ross River virus, and it occurs at high rates in some areas but not others.
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My question is why?
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What is it about certain areas that makes them breed disease?
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If we can understand the environmental factors that contribute to disease transmission, then we can alter the environment or target our control efforts prevent human infections.
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But to answer that question, I had to find out where the infected mosquitoes were in South Australia.
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And traditionally, testing mosquitoes for virus has always been difficult.
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So I used a new technique.
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It takes these cards, which are embedded with virus -preserving chemicals, and coats them in honey.
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Mosquitoes will come to feed on the honey, and in the process, spit virus onto the card, where it can later be detected.
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Now, no one had ever used this technique in a broad -scale virus survey before, so I had to adapt it.
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I developed new traps.
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and set them at over 100 field sites across South Australia.
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and I captured over 20 ,000 hungry mosquitoes
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and let them feed on the card for a week before testing the cards for a virus.
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Now you may not think that these traps look very impressive, But science doesn't have to be beautiful.
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It has to be effective.
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And these traps are proving to be our most sensitive method of detecting infected mosquitoes.
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I found three types of infection.
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Ross River virus, Barma Forest virus, and Stratford virus, which has never before been found in South Australia.
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I now have the virus data I need to conduct my analysis.
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and I'm collecting publicly available data about the environment surrounding my traps.
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like the density of human housing, the biodiversity of mammals, and the ratio of green space to buildings.
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to see if any of those environmental factors can link These virus hotspots that I've shown here, But the most exciting part of my research so far has been the success of this method.
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Public health officials in Victoria, Queensland, and Western Australia have been in contact with us about implementing this technique for their surveillance next year.
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And I developed these traps in a tight budget.
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I used recycled milk cartons, pantyhose, and paperclips to make the traps.
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Each trap costs less than a dollar and can be reused for the whole season.
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That was important to me because the majority of mosquito -borne disease risk happens in economically impoverished countries.
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In India, for example, where about a quarter of the population lives on a dollar a day, There are 33 million cases of dengue infection every year,
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With my low budget virus surveillance and spatial analysis method, I can help any country, regardless of resources, find out where their deadliest animals occur,
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why they're there, and how we can stop them from infecting humans.
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Thanks.
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Thank you.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 42 cümle ve 576 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:09 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 183 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin yalnızca %77’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan daha az kullanılan 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
- virus /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/ (isim) — virüs. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and…
- mosquito /məsˈki.toʊ/ (isim) — sivrisinek. A small flying insect of the family Culicidae, the females of which bite humans and animals and suck blood, leaving an itching bump on the skin, and sometimes…
- trap /tɹæp/ (isim) — tuzak, kapan. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (isim) — teknik. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
- infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ (isim) — enfeksiyon. The act or process of infecting.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (fiil) — olmak. To happen or take place.
- honey /ˈhʌni/ (isim) — bal. A sweet, viscous, gold-colored fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.
- surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ (isim) — gözetim, gözaltı. Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion.
- impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ (sıfat) — etkileyici. Making, or tending to make, a positive impression; having power to impress.
- sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ (sıfat) — alıngan, darılgan. Having the faculty of sensation; pertaining to the senses.
- hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ (sıfat) — aç. Affected by hunger; having the physical need for food.
- capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ (fiil) — ele geçirmek. To take control of; to seize by force or stratagem.
- resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ (isim) — kaynak. Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
- collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (fiil) — katılmak, toplamak. To gather together; amass.
- ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ (isim) — oran. A number representing a comparison between two named things.
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
- find out (fiil) — anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı I'm, doesn't, I've gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 5 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, transmission /tɹænsˈmɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, impoverish /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃ/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; virus, mosquito, trap gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has finally recognized · has always been · I've shown |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | are embedded · be detected · been found |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | cards, which are · virus, which has |
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.