跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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54 句

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Passage 2.

The Step Pyramid of Joseph.

A. The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in the present day.

These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become linked with the country and the other cultures,

such as the Chinese and Mayans, also built pyramids.

The evolution of the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries.

However, there is no question there, as far as Egypt is concerned.

It began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect, the step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.

Djoser was the first king of the third dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone.

Prior to Djoser's reign, tombs were rectangular monuments made of dried clay brick, which covered underground passages where the deceased person was buried.

For reasons which remain unclear, Joseph's main official, whose name was Imhotep, conceived of building a taller,

more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs on top of one another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Steak Pyramid.

Joseph is thought to have reigned for 19 years, but some historians and scholars attribute a much longer time for his rule owing to the number

and size of the monuments he built.

See, the step pyramid has been thoroughly examined and investigated over the last century, and it is now known that the building process went through many different stages.

Historian Mark Van de Mirab comments on this, writing much experimentation was involved,

which is especially clear in the construction of the pyramid in the center of the complex.

It had several plans before it became the first step pyramid in history, piling six levels on top of one another.

The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders, who placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.

When finally completed, The step pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time.

The complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests.

It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall 10.5 meters high.

The wall had 13 false doors cut into it with only one true entrance cut into the southeast corner.

The entire wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long

and 40 meters wide the false doors in the trench were incorporated into the complex to discourage unwanted visitors

if someone wished to enter he

or she would have needed to know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall

Joseph was so proud of his accomplishment

that he broke the tradition of having only his own name on the Mondini

and had him Hotex name carved on it as well.

E, the burial chamber of the tomb, where the king's body was laid to rest, was dug beneath the base of the pyramid,

surrounded by a vast maze of long tunnels that had rooms off them to discourage robbers robbers.

One of the most mysterious discoveries found inside the pyramid was a large number of stone vessels.

Over 40,000 of these vessels, of various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms of the pyramid's underground passages.

They are inscribed with the names of rulers from the First

and Second Dynasties of Egypt and made from different kinds of stone.

There is no agreement among scholars

and archaeologists on why the vessels were placed in the the tomb of Jozo or what they were supposed to represent.

The archaeologist Jean-Philippe Lauer, who excavated most of the pyramid and complex,

believes they were originally stored and then given a proper burial by Joseph in his pyramid to honor his predecessors.

There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet

another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber.

If, unfortunately, all of the precautions

and intricate design of the underground network did not prevent ancient robbers from finding a way in.

Joseph's grave boots, and even his body, were stolen at some point in the past,

and all archaeologists' starved, were a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves.

There was enough left throughout the pyramid and its conflicts, however, to astonish and amaze the archaeologists who excavated it.

G. Egyptologist Miroslav Vena writes, few monuments hold a place in human history as significant as that of the Steak Pyramid in Saqqara,

it can be said without exaggeration

that this pyramid complex constitutes a milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture in Egypt

and in the world as a whole.

The Steak Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture

and became the archetype which all the other great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow.

Passage

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：pyramid, Egypt, monument, stone, complex。這段影片共有 54 個句子、830 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:01。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 165 個詞，接近日常對話。只有 74% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
pyramid 名詞	/ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/	金字塔
monument 名詞	/ˈmɑnjʊmənt/	紀念碑 /紀念碑
archaeologist 名詞	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古學家 /考古學家
robber 名詞	/ˈɹɑ.bɚ/	強盜 /強盜, 盜賊 /盜賊
tomb 名詞	/tum/	墳墓 /墳墓, 墓葬
meter 名詞	/ˈmitəɹ/	計量表 /計量表
historian 名詞	/hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/	歷史學家 /歷史學家, 歷史家 /歷史家
burial 名詞	/ˈbɛɹi.əl/	埋葬
discourage 動詞	/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/	令人愁悶 /令人愁悶, 使沮喪 /使沮喪
trench 名詞	/ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/	壕溝 /壕溝, 戰壕 /戰壕
surround 動詞	/səˈɹaʊnd/	包圍 /包圍, 圍繞 /圍繞
builder 名詞	/ˈbɪl.dəɹ/	建築工人 /建築工人, 建築工 /建築工
scholar 名詞	/ˈskɑlɚ/	學生 /學生
reign 名詞	/ɹeɪ̯n/	統治 /統治, 統治權 /統治權
archetype 名詞	/ˈɑɹkɪtaɪp/	原型

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
go through 動詞	通過 /通過

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	has been written · was buried · is thought
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have become · has been written · has been

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: thief /ˈθiːf/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, southeast /sawˈθɪjst/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, precaution /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/
長單詞——注意重音位置: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, monumental /ˌmɑnjəˈmɛntəl/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, conceive /kənˈsiːv/, progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/, starve /stɑɹv/, overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: pyramid /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/, monument /ˈmɑnjʊmənt/, archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/, builder /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/, progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/, rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 pyramid, monument, archaeologist 這類單詞。

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跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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