跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Passage 2.

The Step Pyramid of Joseph.

A. The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in the present day.

These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become linked with the country and the other cultures,

such as the Chinese and Mayans, also built pyramids.

The evolution of the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries.

However, there is no question there, as far as Egypt is concerned.

It began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect, the step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.

Djoser was the first king of the third dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone.

Prior to Djoser's reign, tombs were rectangular monuments made of dried clay brick, which covered underground passages where the deceased person was buried.

For reasons which remain unclear, Joseph's main official, whose name was Imhotep, conceived of building a taller,

more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs on top of one another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Steak Pyramid.

Joseph is thought to have reigned for 19 years, but some historians and scholars attribute a much longer time for his rule owing to the number

and size of the monuments he built.

See, the step pyramid has been thoroughly examined and investigated over the last century, and it is now known that the building process went through many different stages.

Historian Mark Van de Mirab comments on this, writing much experimentation was involved,

which is especially clear in the construction of the pyramid in the center of the complex.

It had several plans before it became the first step pyramid in history, piling six levels on top of one another.

The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders, who placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.

When finally completed, The step pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time.

The complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests.

It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall 10.5 meters high.

The wall had 13 false doors cut into it with only one true entrance cut into the southeast corner.

The entire wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long

and 40 meters wide the false doors in the trench were incorporated into the complex to discourage unwanted visitors

if someone wished to enter he

or she would have needed to know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall

Joseph was so proud of his accomplishment

that he broke the tradition of having only his own name on the Mondini

and had him Hotex name carved on it as well.

E, the burial chamber of the tomb, where the king's body was laid to rest, was dug beneath the base of the pyramid,

surrounded by a vast maze of long tunnels that had rooms off them to discourage robbers robbers.

One of the most mysterious discoveries found inside the pyramid was a large number of stone vessels.

Over 40,000 of these vessels, of various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms of the pyramid's underground passages.

They are inscribed with the names of rulers from the First

and Second Dynasties of Egypt and made from different kinds of stone.

There is no agreement among scholars

and archaeologists on why the vessels were placed in the the tomb of Jozo or what they were supposed to represent.

The archaeologist Jean-Philippe Lauer, who excavated most of the pyramid and complex,

believes they were originally stored and then given a proper burial by Joseph in his pyramid to honor his predecessors.

There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet

another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber.

If, unfortunately, all of the precautions

and intricate design of the underground network did not prevent ancient robbers from finding a way in.

Joseph's grave boots, and even his body, were stolen at some point in the past,

and all archaeologists' starved, were a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves.

There was enough left throughout the pyramid and its conflicts, however, to astonish and amaze the archaeologists who excavated it.

G. Egyptologist Miroslav Vena writes, few monuments hold a place in human history as significant as that of the Steak Pyramid in Saqqara,

it can be said without exaggeration

that this pyramid complex constitutes a milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture in Egypt

and in the world as a whole.

The Steak Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture

and became the archetype which all the other great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：pyramid, Egypt, monument, stone, complex。这段视频共有 54 个句子、830 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 5:01。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 165 个词，接近日常对话。只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
pyramid 名词	/ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/	金字塔
monument 名词	/ˈmɑnjʊmənt/	紀念碑 /纪念碑
archaeologist 名词	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古學家 /考古学家
robber 名词	/ˈɹɑ.bɚ/	強盜 /强盗, 盜賊 /盗贼
tomb 名词	/tum/	墳墓 /坟墓, 墓葬
meter 名词	/ˈmitəɹ/	計量表 /计量表
historian 名词	/hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/	歷史學家 /历史学家, 歷史家 /历史家
burial 名词	/ˈbɛɹi.əl/	埋葬
discourage 动词	/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/	令人愁悶 /令人愁闷, 使沮喪 /使沮丧
trench 名词	/ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/	壕溝 /壕沟, 戰壕 /战壕
surround 动词	/səˈɹaʊnd/	包圍 /包围, 圍繞 /围绕
builder 名词	/ˈbɪl.dəɹ/	建築工人 /建筑工人, 建築工 /建筑工
scholar 名词	/ˈskɑlɚ/	學生 /学生
reign 名词	/ɹeɪ̯n/	統治 /统治, 統治權 /统治权
archetype 名词	/ˈɑɹkɪtaɪp/	原型

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
go through 动词	通過 /通过

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	has been written · was buried · is thought
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have become · has been written · has been

需要注意的发音

“th” 音: thief /ˈθiːf/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, southeast /sawˈθɪjst/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, precaution /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/
长单词——注意重音位置: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, monumental /ˌmɑnjəˈmɛntəl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, conceive /kənˈsiːv/, progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/, starve /stɑɹv/, overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: pyramid /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/, monument /ˈmɑnjʊmənt/, archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/, builder /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/, progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/, rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 pyramid, monument, archaeologist 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

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跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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