跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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contain multitudes.
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Wendy Moore reviews Ed Yong's book about microbes.
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Microbes, most of them bacteria, have populated this planet since long before animal life developed and they will outlive us.
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Invisible to the naked eye, they are ubiquitous.
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They inhabit the soil, air, rocks and water and are present within every form of life, from seaweed and coral to dogs and humans.
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And, as Yong explains in his utterly absorbing and hugely important book, we mess with them at our peril.
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Every species has its own colony of microbes,
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called a microbiome, and these microbes vary not only between species but also between individuals and within different parts of each individual.
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What is amazing is that while the number of human cells in the average person is about 30 trillion, the number of microbial ones is higher about 39 trillion.
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At best, Jung informs us, we are only 50% human.
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Indeed, some scientists even suggest we should think of each species and its microbes as a single unit, dubbed a holobiont.
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In each human there are microbes that live only in the stomach, the mouth or the armpit and by and large they do so peacefully.
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So, bad microbes are just microbes out of context.
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Microbes that sit contentedly in the human gut, where there are more microbes than there are stars in the galaxy, can become deadly if they find their way into the bloodstream.
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These communities are constantly changing too.
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The right hand shares just one-sixth of its microbes with the left hand.
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And, of course, we are surrounded by microbes.
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Every time we eat, we swallow a million microbes in each gram of food.
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We are continually swapping microbes with other humans, pets and the world at large.
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It's a fascinating topic and Yang, a young British science journalist, is an extraordinarily adept guide.
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Writing with lightness and panache, he has a knack of explaining complex science in terms that are both easy to understand and totally enthralling.
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Yang is on a mission.
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Leading us gently by the hand, he takes us into the world of microbes a bizarre, alien planet in a bid to persuade us to love them as much as he does.
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By the end, we do.
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For most of human history we had no idea that microbes existed.
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The first man to see these extraordinarily potent creatures was a Dutch lensmaker called Antony van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s.
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Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times,
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he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures he called animalcules.
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It wasn't until nearly 200 years later that the research of French biologist Louis Pasteur indicated that some microbes caused disease.
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It was Pasteur's germ theory that gave bacteria the poor image that endures today.
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Young's book is in many ways a plea for microbial tolerance, pointing out that while fewer than 100 species of bacteria bring disease,
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many thousands more play a vital role in maintaining our health.
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The book also acknowledges that our attitude towards bacteria is not a simple one.
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We tend to see the dangers posed by bacteria, yet at the same time we are sold yogurts and drinks that supposedly nurture, friendly, bacteria.
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In reality, says Yang, bacteria should not be viewed as either friends or foes, villains or heroes.
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Instead we should realize we have a symbiotic relationship, that can be mutually beneficial or mutually destructive.
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What then do these millions of organisms do?
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The answer is pretty much everything.
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New research is now unraveling the ways in which bacteria aid digestion, regulate our immune systems, eliminate toxins,
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produce vitamins, affect our behavior and even combat obesity.
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They actually help us become who we are, says Young.
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But we are facing a growing problem.
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Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy,
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low-fiber diets are disrupting the bacterial balance and may be responsible for soaring rates of allergies and immune problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease, IBD.
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The most recent research actually turns accepted norms upside down.
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For example, there are studies indicating that the excessive use of household detergents
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and antibacterial products actually destroys the microbes that normally keep the more dangerous germs at bay.
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Other studies show that keeping a dog as a pet gives children early exposure to a diverse range of bacteria, which may help protect them against allergies later.
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The readers of Yang's book must be prepared for a decidedly unglamorous world.
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Among the less appealing case studies is one about a fungus
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that is wiping out entire populations of frogs and that can be halted by a rare microbial bacterium.
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Another is about squid that carry luminescent bacteria that protect them against predators.
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However, if you can overcome your distaste for some of the investigations, the reasons for Yang's enthusiasm become clear.
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The microbial world is a place of wonder.
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Already, in an attempt to stop mosquitoes spreading dengue fever a disease
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that infects 400 million people a year mosquitoes are being loaded with a bacterium to block the disease.
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In the future, our ability to manipulate microbes means we could construct buildings with useful microbes built into their walls to fight off infections.
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Just imagine a neonatal hospital ward coated in a specially mixed cocktail of microbes
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so that babies get the best start in life.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 59 个句子、895 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:24。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 166 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 73% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
indicate 动词/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/表明, 表示
mutually 副词/ˈmjut͡ʃuəli/互相, 相互
mosquito 名词/məsˈki.toʊ/蚊子, 蛾塞蚊
allergy 名词/ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/過敏 /过敏
topic 名词/ˈtɑpɪk/主題 /主题, 話題 /话题
pet 名词/pɛt/寵物 /宠物
naked 形容词/ˈneɪkɪd/赤裸, 裸
soil 名词/sɔɪl/土壤, 泥土
stomach 名词/ˈstʌmək/дўзы, 胃
journalist 名词/ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/記者 /记者, 新聞工作者 /新闻工作者
sixth 形容词/sɪksθ/第六
vital 形容词/ˈvaɪtəl/生命的
coat 名词/ˈkoʊ̯t/外衣, 大衣
reader 名词/ˈɹi.dɚ/讀者 /读者
infection 名词/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/傳染 /传染

视频中出现的短语动词

单词释义
point out 动词指, 指出

需要注意的发音

  • “th” 音: sixth /sɪksθ/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, enthrall /ɪnˈθɹɔːl/
  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, supposedly /səˈpoʊ̯.zɪd.li/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 indicate, mutually, mosquito 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →